頁巖氣藏體積改造疏水締合聚合物壓裂液基礎(chǔ)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 16:37
【摘要】：體積改造技術(shù)的發(fā)展是頁巖氣藏成功商業(yè)開發(fā)的必要條件之一,而現(xiàn)用于體積改造的減阻水壓裂液由于攜砂性能差,導(dǎo)致用水量過大,造成了水資源的極大浪費,帶來了一系列嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)、環(huán)境問題,影響其在我國乃至世界范圍內(nèi)的廣泛應(yīng)用。本文通過對問題根源的分析,提出了在滿足體積改造工藝對壓裂液低黏度要求的前提下,通過使壓裂液同時具備高減阻與攜砂能力的方法,減少用于大排量制造湍流來滿足攜砂需求的那部分用水量,進(jìn)而達(dá)到大幅降低總用水量的目的�；诮Y(jié)構(gòu)流體內(nèi)部締合網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)湍流減阻、攜砂的機(jī)理以及研究現(xiàn)狀,綜合考慮礦場應(yīng)用及成本,優(yōu)選出可能滿足上述流變性能要求的一類聚合物——疏水締合聚合物(HAWSP)。并通過對HAWSP水溶液減阻、攜砂機(jī)理及影響因素的研究,從理論和實驗上證明了其作為區(qū)別于現(xiàn)有減阻水壓裂液的新型壓裂液應(yīng)用到頁巖氣藏體積改造,解決現(xiàn)有壓裂液存在主要問題的可能性,為礦場應(yīng)用提供了必要的理論基礎(chǔ)與實驗依據(jù)。主要研究內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面：通過對HAWSP水溶液減阻、攜砂性能測試方法的研究,設(shè)計了測試不同溫度與雷諾數(shù)條件下減阻、攜帶能力的測試裝置。研究建立了減阻、攜砂性能測試與表征方法,為HAWSP水溶液減阻、攜砂機(jī)理及影響因素的研究提供了必要手段。運用環(huán)境掃描電鏡(ESEM)觀察了HAWSP水溶液不同質(zhì)量濃度區(qū)域的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),以及不同分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性參數(shù)的HAWSP水溶液臨界締合濃度(CAC)附近的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)。并以微觀結(jié)構(gòu)為依據(jù),結(jié)合宏觀的減阻性能,系統(tǒng)的研究了HAWSP水溶液湍流減阻機(jī)理及影響因素。實驗結(jié)果表明：HAWSP特殊的分子結(jié)構(gòu)決定了其水溶液同時具備類似于線性高分子聚合物和表面活性劑的減阻機(jī)理,因而可能比現(xiàn)用各類減阻劑具有更好的減阻效果。并且不同分子結(jié)構(gòu)的HAWSP在不同的濃度區(qū)域均可能表現(xiàn)出不同的減阻特性。通過對與HAWSP水溶液減阻性能相關(guān)流變參數(shù)的研究,得出可表征其CAC后減阻性能的流變參數(shù)——Nl/η2,為HAWSP水溶液減阻性能快速評價及對比提供了有效的手段。根據(jù)本文的研究目標(biāo),結(jié)合溶液微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和流變性能的研究,得出了低分子量、高疏水單體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的HAWSP在CAC處的減阻、攜砂性能為本文的主要研究對象。通過研究分子量、疏水單體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、水解度對上述HAWSP水溶液減阻性能的影響,得出了水溶液具有高減阻率的HAWSP應(yīng)有的分子結(jié)構(gòu)。同樣以ESEM觀察HAWSP水溶液的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)為依據(jù),結(jié)合宏觀的攜砂性能,系統(tǒng)的研究了其攜砂機(jī)理及影響因素。實驗結(jié)果表明：HAWSP水溶液的攜砂性能是由溶液的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)決定的,并且在CAC前后具有不同的攜砂機(jī)理。通過對與HAWSP水溶液攜砂性能相關(guān)流變參數(shù)的研究,得出了表征其CAC后攜砂性能的流變參數(shù)——G',為HAWSP水溶液攜砂性能快速評價及對比提供了有效的手段。通過研究分子量、疏水單體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、水解度對HAWSP水溶液攜砂性能的影響,得出了水溶液具有高攜砂性能的HAWSP應(yīng)有的分子結(jié)構(gòu)。綜合高減阻性能與高攜砂性能對HAWSP分子結(jié)構(gòu)的要求,結(jié)合體積改造對壓裂液低黏度的要求,得出適合用于體積改造,同時具備高減阻與高攜砂性能的HAWSP分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性參數(shù)范圍：(1)分子量：100×104g/mol-300×104g/mol;(2)疏水單體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)：10%-20%；(3)水解度：200%～40%。上述分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性參數(shù)范圍可指導(dǎo)同時具備高減阻性及良好攜砂性能的適用于體積改造的HAWSP壓裂液產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)和評價。通過在上述范圍內(nèi)對分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性參數(shù)的調(diào)整,可以得到3種不同性能的新型]SAWSP壓裂液,即：(1)在一定程度上提高攜砂性能的同時,大幅提高減阻性能：相對與現(xiàn)有進(jìn)口減阻水壓裂液,其減阻率大幅提高(提高11.5%)；懸浮性能一定程度提高(提高27.8%)；攜帶性能一定程度提高(提高26.8%)。(2)兼顧減阻與攜砂性能：減阻率略大于現(xiàn)有進(jìn)口減阻水壓裂液(提高4.3%)；懸浮性能明顯提高(提高85.2%)；攜帶性能明顯提高(提高54.2%)。(3)在減阻性能與現(xiàn)有進(jìn)口減阻水壓裂液相當(dāng)?shù)耐瑫r,大幅提升攜砂性能：相對于現(xiàn)有進(jìn)口減阻水壓裂液,其減阻率相當(dāng)(提高-0.46%)；懸浮性能大幅度提高(提高168.5%)；攜帶性能大幅度提高(提高167%)。上述3種新型HAWSP壓裂液為解決現(xiàn)用減阻水壓裂液用水量過大的重大技術(shù)難題提供了更多的可能性和選擇。本文還研究了溫度、礦化度對HAWSP減阻及攜砂性能的影響以及分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性參數(shù)對HAWSP耐溫、耐鹽性能的影響。得出了可根據(jù)使用的不同溫度、礦化度條件,通過調(diào)節(jié)HAWSP的分子結(jié)構(gòu)特性參數(shù),以滿足不同應(yīng)用環(huán)境下體積改造壓裂液的需要。
[Abstract]:The development of the volume transformation technology is one of the necessary conditions for the successful commercial development of shale gas reservoirs, and the water reducing fluid, which is used in volume transformation, has caused great waste of water resources because of poor sand carrying performance, which brings a series of serious ecological and environmental problems, which affects its wide range in China and in the world. Based on the analysis of the root cause of the problem, this paper puts forward that in order to satisfy the requirement of the low viscosity of the fracturing fluid for the volume transformation process, by making the fracturing fluid with the method of both high drag reduction and sand carrying capacity, the amount of water used in the large displacement manufacturing turbulence to meet the sand carrying demand is reduced, and then the total water consumption is greatly reduced. Objective. Based on the turbulent drag reduction of the structural fluid internal association network structure, the mechanism of sand carrying and the research status, a class of polymer, hydrophobic associating polymer (HAWSP), which may meet the requirements of the above rheological properties, is selected to optimize the application and cost of the field, and the mechanism of sand carrying and the influencing factors are studied by reducing the resistance of HAWSP water solution. It is proved theoretically and experimentally that the new fracturing fluid, which is different from the existing hydraulic fracturing fluid, is applied to the volume transformation of shale gas reservoir, the possibility of solving the main problems in the existing fracturing fluid, and providing the necessary theoretical basis and experimental basis for the field application. The main contents include the following aspects: through the HAWS P water drag reduction and sand carrying performance testing methods have been designed to test the resistance reduction and carrying capacity testing devices under different temperatures and Reynolds numbers. The study established the method of reducing drag, testing and characterizing the performance of sand carrying performance, which provided the necessary means for the study of the drag reduction of HAWSP solution, the mechanism of sand carrying and the influencing factors. The application of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ES) EM) the microstructure of the different mass concentration regions of HAWSP water solution and the microstructure near the critical association concentration (CAC) of HAWSP aqueous solution with different molecular structural properties were observed. The mechanism and influence factors of the turbulence drag reduction in HAWSP aqueous solution were systematically studied on the basis of microstructure and macro drag reduction properties. The experimental results were studied. It is shown that the specific molecular structure of HAWSP determines that the water solution has a similar resistance reduction mechanism similar to linear polymer and surfactant, so it may have better drag reduction effect than all kinds of resistance reducing agents. And the different molecular structure of HAWSP may show different drag reduction characteristics in different concentration regions. After studying the rheological parameters related to the drag reduction performance of HAWSP water solution, the rheological parameters, Nl/ ETA 2, which can characterize the drag reduction performance after CAC, provide an effective means for the rapid evaluation and comparison of the drag reduction performance of HAWSP aqueous solution. According to the research objective of this paper, the low molecular weight of the solution is combined with the study of the microstructure and rheological properties of the solution. The effect of sand carrying capacity of HAWSP at high hydrophobic monomer mass fraction at CAC is the main research object in this paper. By studying the influence of molecular weight, hydrophobic monomer mass fraction and degree of hydrolysis on the drag reduction performance of the HAWSP aqueous solution, the molecular structure of HAWSP with high drag reduction rate in aqueous solution is obtained. The same as ESEM is used to observe the water solubility of HAWSP. The sand carrying mechanism and influencing factors are systematically studied based on the micro structure of the liquid, and the sand carrying mechanism and the influence factors are systematically studied. The experimental results show that the sand carrying property of HAWSP water solution is determined by the microstructure of the solution and has different sand carrying mechanism before and after CAC. The rheological parameters related to the performance of the sand carrying capacity of the HAWSP water solution are related. The rheological parameters, G', which characterizing the performance of the sand carrying capacity after CAC are obtained, which provide an effective means for the rapid evaluation and comparison of the performance of the sand carrying capacity of HAWSP aqueous solution. By studying the effects of molecular weight, hydrophobic monomer mass fraction and the degree of hydrolysis on the performance of the sand carrying capacity of the HAWSP aqueous solution, the HAWSP molecules with high sand carrying properties of the aqueous solution should be obtained. Structure. Combining the requirements of high drag resistance and high sand carrying performance to HAWSP molecular structure, combined with the requirement of volume transformation for low viscosity of fracturing fluid, the parameter range of HAWSP molecular structure suitable for volume modification and high drag reduction and high sand carrying properties is obtained: (1) molecular weight: 100 x 104g/mol-300 x 104g/mol; (2) hydrophobic single constitution Volume fraction: 10%-20%; (3) (3) degree of hydrolysis: the range of molecular structural properties of 200% ~ 40%. can guide the development and evaluation of HAWSP fracturing fluid products with high drag reduction and good sand carrying properties. By adjusting the parameters of molecular structure in the above range, 3 kinds of different properties can be obtained. Type]SAWSP fracturing fluid, that is: (1) to a certain extent, improve the performance of the sand carrying capacity to a certain extent, and greatly improve the drag reduction performance: relative to the existing imported water reducing fluid, the drag reduction rate is greatly increased (up to 11.5%); the suspension performance is improved to a certain degree (27.8%); the portability can be improved to a certain extent (26.8%). (2) both drag reduction and sand carrying ability is taken into account. Ability: the drag reduction rate is slightly greater than that of the existing imported hydraulic fracturing fluid (up to 4.3%), the suspension performance is obviously improved (85.2%), and the carrying performance is obviously improved (54.2%). (3) while the drag reduction performance is equivalent to the existing imported water reducing fluid, the sand carrying capacity is greatly improved: compared with the existing imported water reducing fluid, the drag reduction rate is equal. (increase -0.46%); the suspension performance is greatly improved (168.5%) and the carrying performance is greatly improved (167%). The above 3 new type HAWSP fracturing fluids provide more possibilities and choices to solve the major technical problems of excessive water use in the current reducing water pressure fracturing fluid. The temperature, the salinity and the sand carrying capacity of the HAWSP are also studied in this paper. The influence of energy and molecular structure characteristic parameters on the temperature resistance and salt resistance of HAWSP. The conditions of different temperature and salinity are obtained, and the parameters of molecular structure characteristics of HAWSP are adjusted to meet the needs of the volume transformation of fracturing fluid under different application conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE377
本文編號：2144413
[Abstract]:The development of the volume transformation technology is one of the necessary conditions for the successful commercial development of shale gas reservoirs, and the water reducing fluid, which is used in volume transformation, has caused great waste of water resources because of poor sand carrying performance, which brings a series of serious ecological and environmental problems, which affects its wide range in China and in the world. Based on the analysis of the root cause of the problem, this paper puts forward that in order to satisfy the requirement of the low viscosity of the fracturing fluid for the volume transformation process, by making the fracturing fluid with the method of both high drag reduction and sand carrying capacity, the amount of water used in the large displacement manufacturing turbulence to meet the sand carrying demand is reduced, and then the total water consumption is greatly reduced. Objective. Based on the turbulent drag reduction of the structural fluid internal association network structure, the mechanism of sand carrying and the research status, a class of polymer, hydrophobic associating polymer (HAWSP), which may meet the requirements of the above rheological properties, is selected to optimize the application and cost of the field, and the mechanism of sand carrying and the influencing factors are studied by reducing the resistance of HAWSP water solution. It is proved theoretically and experimentally that the new fracturing fluid, which is different from the existing hydraulic fracturing fluid, is applied to the volume transformation of shale gas reservoir, the possibility of solving the main problems in the existing fracturing fluid, and providing the necessary theoretical basis and experimental basis for the field application. The main contents include the following aspects: through the HAWS P water drag reduction and sand carrying performance testing methods have been designed to test the resistance reduction and carrying capacity testing devices under different temperatures and Reynolds numbers. The study established the method of reducing drag, testing and characterizing the performance of sand carrying performance, which provided the necessary means for the study of the drag reduction of HAWSP solution, the mechanism of sand carrying and the influencing factors. The application of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ES) EM) the microstructure of the different mass concentration regions of HAWSP water solution and the microstructure near the critical association concentration (CAC) of HAWSP aqueous solution with different molecular structural properties were observed. The mechanism and influence factors of the turbulence drag reduction in HAWSP aqueous solution were systematically studied on the basis of microstructure and macro drag reduction properties. The experimental results were studied. It is shown that the specific molecular structure of HAWSP determines that the water solution has a similar resistance reduction mechanism similar to linear polymer and surfactant, so it may have better drag reduction effect than all kinds of resistance reducing agents. And the different molecular structure of HAWSP may show different drag reduction characteristics in different concentration regions. After studying the rheological parameters related to the drag reduction performance of HAWSP water solution, the rheological parameters, Nl/ ETA 2, which can characterize the drag reduction performance after CAC, provide an effective means for the rapid evaluation and comparison of the drag reduction performance of HAWSP aqueous solution. According to the research objective of this paper, the low molecular weight of the solution is combined with the study of the microstructure and rheological properties of the solution. The effect of sand carrying capacity of HAWSP at high hydrophobic monomer mass fraction at CAC is the main research object in this paper. By studying the influence of molecular weight, hydrophobic monomer mass fraction and degree of hydrolysis on the drag reduction performance of the HAWSP aqueous solution, the molecular structure of HAWSP with high drag reduction rate in aqueous solution is obtained. The same as ESEM is used to observe the water solubility of HAWSP. The sand carrying mechanism and influencing factors are systematically studied based on the micro structure of the liquid, and the sand carrying mechanism and the influence factors are systematically studied. The experimental results show that the sand carrying property of HAWSP water solution is determined by the microstructure of the solution and has different sand carrying mechanism before and after CAC. The rheological parameters related to the performance of the sand carrying capacity of the HAWSP water solution are related. The rheological parameters, G', which characterizing the performance of the sand carrying capacity after CAC are obtained, which provide an effective means for the rapid evaluation and comparison of the performance of the sand carrying capacity of HAWSP aqueous solution. By studying the effects of molecular weight, hydrophobic monomer mass fraction and the degree of hydrolysis on the performance of the sand carrying capacity of the HAWSP aqueous solution, the HAWSP molecules with high sand carrying properties of the aqueous solution should be obtained. Structure. Combining the requirements of high drag resistance and high sand carrying performance to HAWSP molecular structure, combined with the requirement of volume transformation for low viscosity of fracturing fluid, the parameter range of HAWSP molecular structure suitable for volume modification and high drag reduction and high sand carrying properties is obtained: (1) molecular weight: 100 x 104g/mol-300 x 104g/mol; (2) hydrophobic single constitution Volume fraction: 10%-20%; (3) (3) degree of hydrolysis: the range of molecular structural properties of 200% ~ 40%. can guide the development and evaluation of HAWSP fracturing fluid products with high drag reduction and good sand carrying properties. By adjusting the parameters of molecular structure in the above range, 3 kinds of different properties can be obtained. Type]SAWSP fracturing fluid, that is: (1) to a certain extent, improve the performance of the sand carrying capacity to a certain extent, and greatly improve the drag reduction performance: relative to the existing imported water reducing fluid, the drag reduction rate is greatly increased (up to 11.5%); the suspension performance is improved to a certain degree (27.8%); the portability can be improved to a certain extent (26.8%). (2) both drag reduction and sand carrying ability is taken into account. Ability: the drag reduction rate is slightly greater than that of the existing imported hydraulic fracturing fluid (up to 4.3%), the suspension performance is obviously improved (85.2%), and the carrying performance is obviously improved (54.2%). (3) while the drag reduction performance is equivalent to the existing imported water reducing fluid, the sand carrying capacity is greatly improved: compared with the existing imported water reducing fluid, the drag reduction rate is equal. (increase -0.46%); the suspension performance is greatly improved (168.5%) and the carrying performance is greatly improved (167%). The above 3 new type HAWSP fracturing fluids provide more possibilities and choices to solve the major technical problems of excessive water use in the current reducing water pressure fracturing fluid. The temperature, the salinity and the sand carrying capacity of the HAWSP are also studied in this paper. The influence of energy and molecular structure characteristic parameters on the temperature resistance and salt resistance of HAWSP. The conditions of different temperature and salinity are obtained, and the parameters of molecular structure characteristics of HAWSP are adjusted to meet the needs of the volume transformation of fracturing fluid under different application conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE377
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