【摘要】：壓力容器因?yàn)閮?chǔ)藏易燃、易爆、有毒、有害的介質(zhì)而決定了壓力容器任何形式的失效都將會(huì)給國家和人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成巨大的損失,特別對(duì)于液化氣球罐裂紋引起的失效已經(jīng)成為企業(yè)界和科技界所關(guān)注的重大安全問題,如何有針對(duì)性地、可靠與經(jīng)濟(jì)地診斷、預(yù)測、預(yù)防與修復(fù)在役壓力容器的缺陷已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)值得人們探索和研究的課題。開展球罐質(zhì)檢工作是確定球罐缺陷的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),采用表面檢查、壁厚測定、無損探傷、硬度測定等手段,可以初步查出球罐的實(shí)際安全使用狀況,進(jìn)而分析球罐裂紋的成因,為球罐的缺陷修復(fù)尋求切入點(diǎn)。此論文因此開展了大量檢驗(yàn)和檢測的研究工作,特別是在現(xiàn)場球罐壁厚測定,硬度測定方面為裂紋產(chǎn)生的原因提供了依據(jù)。通過壁厚的測定值和設(shè)計(jì)厚度尺寸對(duì)比說明球罐厚度符合要求,球罐硬度的測定值與工藝規(guī)定的要求對(duì)比說明球罐焊接區(qū)硬度偏高,進(jìn)而推測缺陷產(chǎn)生的主要原因是由于應(yīng)力導(dǎo)向所致。對(duì)裂紋進(jìn)行了安全性評(píng)定,結(jié)果顯示球罐存在安全性問題,不能繼續(xù)使用,并用有限元軟件對(duì)裂紋尖端應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子值進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬,與解析解對(duì)比,可以知道有限元模擬結(jié)果的可靠性,也解決一部分復(fù)雜裂紋沒有準(zhǔn)確的解析解情況下可以通過有限元軟件求解的問題。并針對(duì)球罐的裂紋缺陷研究尋找出合適的補(bǔ)焊工藝,對(duì)裂紋進(jìn)行打磨補(bǔ)焊修復(fù),為了提高球罐的修復(fù)后的質(zhì)量,補(bǔ)焊后再對(duì)球罐進(jìn)行局部熱處理,最后對(duì)球罐進(jìn)行氣密性試驗(yàn)和水壓試驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)球罐修復(fù)后的質(zhì)量,結(jié)果顯示修復(fù)后的球罐質(zhì)量可靠,可以安全使用。本文針對(duì)在役液化氣球罐產(chǎn)生裂紋這一普遍的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了一些探索性的研究工作,提出了一些對(duì)在役液化氣球罐裂紋修復(fù)的基本原則、技術(shù)路線和修復(fù)方法。根據(jù)煉化廠在役液化氣球罐因判廢而需要修復(fù)的實(shí)例,依據(jù)球罐現(xiàn)場實(shí)際組裝焊接情況,結(jié)合球罐裂紋的檢測結(jié)果,分析和查找球罐裂紋產(chǎn)生的原因。提出了球罐修復(fù)方案和質(zhì)量保證的措施,提出在保證結(jié)構(gòu)安全的前提下,采用局部熱處理方法來達(dá)到消氫和降低殘余應(yīng)力的目的,以提高和改善球罐的內(nèi)在體質(zhì),并通過壓力試驗(yàn)和水壓試驗(yàn)檢測,保證球罐的修復(fù)質(zhì)量,使得已經(jīng)報(bào)廢的液化氣球罐經(jīng)過修復(fù),恢復(fù)了安全使用,也從中探索出修復(fù)和防止液化氣球罐產(chǎn)生裂紋的較為系統(tǒng)方法。
[Abstract]:Pressure vessels because of storage flammable, explosive, toxic and harmful media determine that any form of failure of pressure vessels will cause great loss of life and property to countries and people. In particular, failure caused by cracks in liquefied petroleum gas spherical tanks has become a major safety issue of concern to the business community and the scientific and technological community. How to diagnose and predict it in a targeted, reliable and economical manner, Prevention and repair of the defects of existing pressure vessels has become a subject worthy of exploration and study. The quality inspection of spherical tanks is a key link in determining the defects of spherical tanks. By means of surface inspection, wall thickness measurement, non-destructive inspection and hardness measurement, the actual safe use of spherical tanks can be preliminarily found out. Then the causes of the spherical tank cracks are analyzed to find a breakthrough point for the defect repair of the spherical tank. Therefore, a lot of research work has been carried out in this paper, especially in the measurement of the wall thickness of spherical tank in the field. The hardness measurement provides the basis for the cause of the crack. By comparing the measured value of wall thickness with the dimension of design thickness, it is shown that the thickness of spherical tank meets the requirements, and the hardness of spherical tank is higher than that of the requirement of technology. The main reason for the defect is the stress orientation. The safety of the crack is evaluated. The results show that the spherical tank is safe and can not be used any longer. The stress intensity factor at the crack tip is numerically simulated by finite element software and compared with the analytical solution. The reliability of finite element simulation results can be obtained, and the problem that some complex cracks can be solved by finite element software without accurate analytical solution can be solved. In order to improve the quality of the spherical tank, the local heat treatment of the spherical tank is carried out. Finally, the air tightness test and water pressure test of the spherical tank are carried out to check the quality of the spherical tank after repair. The results show that the repaired spherical tank is reliable in quality and can be safely used. In this paper, some explorative research work has been carried out in view of the common phenomenon of cracks in LPG spherical tanks in service, and some basic principles, technical routes and repair methods for repairing cracks in LPG spherical tanks in service have been put forward. According to the example that the existing LPG spherical tank in the refinery needs to be repaired because of the judgment of the waste, according to the actual spot assembly and welding of the spherical tank, combined with the detection results of the spherical tank crack, the causes of the spherical tank crack are analyzed and found. The repairing scheme and quality assurance measures of spherical tank are put forward. On the premise of ensuring structural safety, partial heat treatment is used to eliminate hydrogen and reduce residual stress, so as to improve and improve the inner constitution of spherical tank. And through the pressure test and the water pressure test inspection, guarantees the spherical tank repair quality, causes the already abandoned liquefied petroleum gas spherical tank to be repaired, has restored the safe use, A systematic method for repairing and preventing cracks in LPG spherical tanks is also explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE972

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