【摘要】：目前,水平井分段壓裂因其自身優(yōu)勢(shì)成為有效開發(fā)低滲致密儲(chǔ)層的關(guān)鍵手段。但是,在壓裂液返排和氣井生產(chǎn)過程中,由于該壓裂技術(shù)規(guī)模大、排液時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、氣體產(chǎn)量大、流速高等特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致支撐劑容易發(fā)生回流。大量調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),在我國(guó)的川西、蘇里格、新疆、大慶等氣田,支撐劑回流都是影響壓裂效果的重要問題之一。為控制該現(xiàn)象,形成了以覆膜支撐劑和尾追纖維為主要手段的防回流技術(shù),纖維以其使用簡(jiǎn)單靈活、適用范圍廣、成本低等優(yōu)勢(shì)成為應(yīng)用最廣泛的控制方法。但是,由于有關(guān)該技術(shù)的機(jī)理研究不深入,實(shí)際操作時(shí)缺乏可靠的理論指導(dǎo),因而工程上關(guān)于纖維參數(shù)的選擇多依靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)決定,正是該問題的存在引發(fā)了本文的研究動(dòng)機(jī)。 基于以上問題,本文采用數(shù)學(xué)建模與實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合的方法,開展了如下研究：(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)有支撐劑預(yù)測(cè)模型作了修正,建立了考慮砂體自身強(qiáng)度的支撐劑回流表征新模型,為針對(duì)性研究回流控制技術(shù)作用原理及其應(yīng)用效果奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(2)以砂體抗剪強(qiáng)度為主、抗拉強(qiáng)度為輔,建立了纖維增強(qiáng)砂體強(qiáng)度的數(shù)學(xué)模型,為研究纖維作用機(jī)理及相關(guān)參數(shù)優(yōu)化提供了定量計(jì)算依據(jù)。(3)利用室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)纖維的分散性能、懸砂性能及其對(duì)導(dǎo)流能力的影響作了評(píng)價(jià),為進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化纖維的綜合性能提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。(4)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)學(xué)模型計(jì)算結(jié)果,在保證纖維控制作用的前提下兼顧纖維綜合效果,形成了工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化建議。(5)將本文研究成果用于指導(dǎo)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工,并就施工效果進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。 通過上述研究,取得了如下突破：(1)建立了考慮支撐劑砂體強(qiáng)度的回流預(yù)測(cè)模型,模型結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)縫寬比很高時(shí),充填層自身強(qiáng)度尚能抵御部分流體拖曳作用,并非如前人所述一旦有流體流動(dòng)支撐劑就會(huì)發(fā)生回流。(2)通過本文建立的纖維增強(qiáng)作用模型,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)相關(guān)工藝參數(shù)的優(yōu)化,解決當(dāng)前現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工參數(shù)選取經(jīng)驗(yàn)化的問題。(3)本文開展的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了強(qiáng)度模型計(jì)算可靠性,通過大尺寸裂縫模擬可視裝置觀察纖維對(duì)支撐劑鋪砂形態(tài)的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)摻入長(zhǎng)度較短的纖維時(shí),砂堤中將形成有利于流體流通的孔隙通道,有助于提高充填層導(dǎo)流能力；當(dāng)纖維長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)時(shí),懸砂和穩(wěn)砂效果更顯著。
[Abstract]:At present, segmental fracturing of horizontal wells has become a key means to develop low permeability tight reservoirs effectively because of its own advantages. However, in the process of fracturing fluid backflow and gas well production, the proppant is prone to backflow because of its large scale, long drainage time, large gas production and high velocity of flow. A large number of investigations show that in western Sichuan, Sulige, Xinjiang, Daqing and other gas fields, proppant reflux is one of the important problems affecting fracturing effect. In order to control this phenomenon, a backflow prevention technique is formed, which is mainly made up of film mulching proppant and tail chasing fiber. The fiber has become the most widely used control method because of its advantages of simple and flexible use, wide application range and low cost. However, due to the lack of deep research on the mechanism of the technology and the lack of reliable theoretical guidance in practical operation, the selection of fiber parameters in engineering depends on experience, and it is the existence of this problem that leads to the research motive of this paper. Based on the above problems, the methods of mathematical modeling and experimental evaluation are used in this paper. The following studies are carried out: (1) the existing proppant prediction model is modified, and a new model of reflux characterization of proppant considering the strength of sand body is established. It lays a foundation for the study of the principle of reflux control technology and its application effect. (2) the mathematical model of fiber reinforced sand body strength is established, in which the shear strength of sand body is the main factor, and the tensile strength is supplemented by the shear strength of sand body. It provides a quantitative calculation basis for studying the mechanism of fiber action and the optimization of related parameters. (3) the dispersion properties, suspended sand properties and their effects on the flow conductivity of the fibers are evaluated by laboratory experiments. It provides the experimental basis for further optimizing the comprehensive properties of the fiber. (4) Comprehensive experiment and mathematical model calculation results, under the premise of ensuring the fiber control function, the comprehensive effect of the fiber is taken into account. The optimization suggestion of process parameters is formed. (5) the research results of this paper are used to guide the field construction and the construction effect is evaluated. Through the above research, the following breakthroughs have been achieved: (1) the backflow prediction model considering the strength of proppant sand body has been established. The results show that when the ratio of fracture to width is very high, the strength of the filling layer can still resist the drag of some fluids. It is not reflux once there is fluid flow proppant, as mentioned before. (2) through the fiber reinforcement model established in this paper, we can optimize the relevant process parameters. To solve the problem of empirical selection of construction parameters at present. (3) the reliability of strength model calculation is verified by the experiments carried out in this paper, and the influence of fiber on the sand form of proppant is observed through large scale crack simulation visual device. When the short fiber is added into the sand embankment, the pore passage will be formed in favor of fluid flow, which will help to improve the conductivity of the filling layer, and when the fiber length is longer, the effect of suspended sand and sand stabilization will be more obvious.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.12

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