【摘要】：油田集輸系統(tǒng)骨架管道主要承載著將油田所產(chǎn)原油輸送至聯(lián)合站凈化脫水的任務(wù)。為了保證油品的順利輸送,往往需要在轉(zhuǎn)油站上消耗大量的熱能、壓能為油水混合液提供能量,其中很大一部分能量以散熱和摩擦損失的形式消耗在管道上。目前,榆樹林油田已進入高含水開發(fā)后期,油田產(chǎn)能下降,骨架管道逐步處于低輸量運行階段,輸油單耗顯著增大,管道輸送的安全性和經(jīng)濟性都大幅度降低。針對榆樹林油田的開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀及未來發(fā)展趨勢,以保證骨架管道的安全經(jīng)濟運行為目標,開展了以下研究工作:首先,以“傳輸效率”、“能損率”、“噸千米熱能損失”、“噸千米壓能損失”、“噸千米能量損失”、“熱損率”和“壓損率”等共7項指標對榆樹林油田骨架管道的運行能耗進行計算分析,掌握了骨架管道的能耗規(guī)律。確定不同季節(jié)條件下管道的平均傳輸效率春季為70.1%,夏季為74.3%,秋季為73.6%,冬季為68.4%,受環(huán)境條件和輸量的影響明顯。其中,在管道的總能量損耗中,熱損率達到98%以上,占很大比重。其次,采用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計、最優(yōu)化擬合方法研究確定了不同管道全年不同月份的傳熱系數(shù)變化規(guī)律及水力摩阻系數(shù)的修正計算公式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以防止原油凝固和管道進入不穩(wěn)定工作區(qū)為依據(jù),計算確定了榆樹林油田不同骨架管道全年不同月份、不同含水率下的最小安全輸量,以此作為骨架管道低輸量運行的安全界限參數(shù)。最后,以骨架管道的實際輸量和最小安全輸量的相對關(guān)系為依據(jù),建立了榆樹林油田骨架管道運行方案的多層次優(yōu)化方法。針對管道實際輸量大于最小安全輸量的情況,以管道輸油能耗最小為目標,管道輸油溫度、設(shè)備組合方案等為決策變量,建立了骨架管道輸油方案優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并提出采用分級優(yōu)化法結(jié)合遺傳算法進行求解。實例計算結(jié)果表明:通過優(yōu)化,對比原方案可降低骨架管道的輸油成本最高達30%以上。應(yīng)用該優(yōu)化方法制定了榆樹林油田不同骨架管道在不同輸量、含水率下全年不同月份的輸油方案。針對骨架管道實際輸量低于最小安全輸量的情況,以總輸油成本最低為目標,補水量為決策變量,建立了骨架管道補水輸送時運行參數(shù)優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型及求解算法,并對不同作業(yè)區(qū)最遠端骨架管道的補水方案進行了優(yōu)化,確定最優(yōu)補水量。對于管道輸量進一步降低的情況,建立了骨架管道輸油方式優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型,對比分析了管道補水輸送和油罐車拉油兩種輸油方式,確定了不同含水率下,不同骨架管道補水輸送和油罐車拉油輸送方式的界限輸量。以上研究不但可以為集輸系統(tǒng)骨架管道的安全經(jīng)濟運行提供重要的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)和保障,同時也拓展了低輸量管道水力、熱力分析及優(yōu)化技術(shù)的相關(guān)理論研究成果。
[Abstract]:The skeleton pipeline of oil gathering and transportation system mainly carries the task of transporting the crude oil produced in the oil field to the combined station for purification and dehydration. In order to ensure the smooth transportation of oil products, it is often necessary to consume a large amount of heat energy in the transfer station, and the pressure energy provides energy for the oil-water mixture, and a large part of the energy is consumed on the pipeline in the form of heat dissipation and friction loss. At present, Yushulin Oilfield has entered the late stage of high water cut development, the production capacity of the oilfield has decreased, the skeleton pipeline is gradually in the stage of low-volume operation, the unit consumption of oil transportation has increased significantly, and the safety and economy of pipeline transportation have been greatly reduced. In view of the present situation and future development trend of Yushulin Oilfield, the following research work has been carried out in order to ensure the safe and economical operation of the skeleton pipeline: firstly, in terms of "transmission efficiency", "energy loss rate", "ton km thermal energy loss", Seven indexes, such as "ton km pressure energy loss", "ton km energy loss", "heat loss rate" and "pressure loss rate", are used to calculate and analyze the operating energy consumption of the skeleton pipeline in Yushulin Oilfield, and the energy consumption law of the skeleton pipeline is mastered. The average transmission efficiency of pipeline in different seasons is 70.1 in spring, 74.3in summer, 73.6in autumn and 68.4 in winter. In the total energy loss of pipeline, the heat loss rate is over 98%, which accounts for a large proportion. Secondly, mathematical statistics and optimization fitting method are used to study and determine the variation law of heat transfer coefficient and the modified formula of hydraulic friction coefficient in different year and different months of pipeline. On this basis, based on the prevention of crude oil solidification and pipeline entering the unstable work area, the minimum safe transportation amount of different skeleton pipelines in Yushulin Oilfield is calculated and determined under different water cut and different months of the year. This is regarded as the safe limit parameter of the skeleton pipeline running in low volume. Finally, based on the relative relationship between the actual and the minimum safe transportation of the skeleton pipeline, a multi-level optimization method for the operation scheme of the skeleton pipeline in Yushulin Oilfield is established. In view of the fact that the actual transportation quantity of pipeline is larger than the minimum safe quantity, taking the minimum energy consumption of pipeline transportation as the target, the pipeline transportation temperature and the equipment combination scheme as decision variables, the mathematical model of optimizing the oil transportation scheme of skeleton pipeline is established. A hierarchical optimization method combined with genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The calculation results show that compared with the original scheme, the oil transportation cost of the skeleton pipeline can be reduced to more than 30% by optimization. By using this optimization method, the oil transportation schemes of different skeleton pipelines in Yushulin Oilfield under different water content and water content in different months of the year are worked out. In view of the fact that the actual transportation quantity of skeleton pipeline is lower than the minimum safe quantity, taking the lowest total oil transportation cost as the target and the replenishment quantity as the decision variable, the mathematical model and algorithm for optimizing the operation parameters of the skeleton pipeline are established. The water supply scheme of the furthest skeleton pipeline in different operation areas was optimized to determine the optimal water supply quantity. For the further reduction of pipeline volume, a mathematical model for optimizing the oil transportation mode of skeleton pipeline is established, and two kinds of oil transportation modes, pipeline rehydration transportation and tank truck oil pulling, are compared and analyzed, and the different water cut ratio is determined. Different skeleton pipeline rehydration transportation and oil tank truck oil delivery mode limit transport. The above research can not only provide important technical guidance and guarantee for the safe and economical operation of the skeleton pipeline of gathering and transportation system, but also expand the relevant theoretical research results of hydraulic, thermal analysis and optimization techniques for low volume pipeline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE863

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