發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-21 15:08

【摘要】：本文首先對(duì)鈉基蒙脫土進(jìn)行了有機(jī)化改性并對(duì)改性效果進(jìn)行了測(cè)試和表征,然后制備了蒙脫土型納米復(fù)合降凝劑,對(duì)比研究了納米復(fù)合降凝劑和傳統(tǒng)高分子降凝劑對(duì)洪德原油低溫流變性的影響,最后探討了納米復(fù)合降凝劑對(duì)含蠟原油的作用機(jī)理。采用有機(jī)季銨鹽改性方法對(duì)納基蒙脫土進(jìn)行有機(jī)化改性,通過傅里葉紅外光譜、透射電鏡、X射線衍射等方法表征改性效果,結(jié)果顯示陽離子改性劑十八烷基三甲基氯化銨的烷基鏈成功插層到蒙脫土層狀結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部,減小了蒙脫土片層厚度,增大了層間間距,增強(qiáng)了蒙脫土在有機(jī)溶劑中的分散性。采用聚合物溶液插層法制備了不同種類和不同配比的納米復(fù)合降凝劑,采用AR-G2流變儀、差示掃描量熱儀、凝點(diǎn)測(cè)定儀等設(shè)備,研究納米復(fù)合降凝劑和傳統(tǒng)高分子降凝劑對(duì)洪德原油流變性的影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明納米復(fù)合降凝劑存在最優(yōu)配比和最優(yōu)加劑濃度;納米復(fù)合降凝劑不改變洪德原油的析蠟溫度;與傳統(tǒng)降凝劑相比,相同加劑條件下,納米復(fù)合降凝劑有深度降凝、降粘效果,能顯著降低原油低溫下的屈服值,并擁有良好的靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性和抗重復(fù)加熱能力。采用偏光顯微鏡觀察不同加劑條件下洪德原油的蠟晶結(jié)構(gòu),與傳統(tǒng)高分子降凝劑相比,納米復(fù)合降凝劑可使蠟晶在析出、長大的過程中以蒙脫土為載體,形成更大、更密實(shí)、邊界更規(guī)整的類球狀結(jié)構(gòu);蠟晶變得更加分散,很難搭接成空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),使納米復(fù)合降凝劑具有更好的降凝、降粘效果。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the organic modification of sodium montmorillonite was carried out, and the modified effect was tested and characterized, then the nano-composite depressant of montmorillonite was prepared. The effects of nano-composite pour point depressant and traditional polymer pour point depressant on rheological properties of Hongde crude oil at low temperature were studied. Finally, the mechanism of nano-composite pour point depressant on waxy crude oil was discussed. Nano-montmorillonite was modified by organic quaternary ammonium salt. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (TEM) were used to characterize the modification. The results showed that the alkyl chain of cationic modifier octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride was successfully intercalated into the interlayer structure of montmorillonite, which reduced the thickness of montmorillonite lamellar layer, increased the interlaminar spacing and enhanced the dispersion of montmorillonite in organic solvents. Nano-composite pour point depressants of different kinds and ratios were prepared by polymer solution intercalation method. AR-G2 rheometer, differential scanning calorimeter, freezing point measuring instrument were used. The effects of nano-composite pour point depressant and traditional polymer pour point depressant on the rheological properties of Hongde crude oil were studied. The experimental results showed that the nano-composite pour point depressant had the best ratio and the optimal concentration of additive, the nano-composite pour point depressant did not change the waxing temperature of Hunde crude oil. Compared with the traditional pour point depressant, the nano-composite pour point depressant has the effect of deep pour point reduction and viscosity reduction, which can significantly reduce the yield value of crude oil at low temperature, and has good static stability and resistance to repeated heating. The waxy crystal structure of Hongde crude oil under different additive conditions was observed by polarized light microscope. Compared with traditional high molecular pour point depressant, nano-composite pour point depressant can make wax crystal precipitate, take montmorillonite as carrier during growing up, and form larger and denser wax crystal. The spherical structure with more regular boundary, the waxy crystal becomes more dispersed, it is difficult to overlap the spatial network structure, so the nano-composite depressant has better effect of reducing coagulant and viscosity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE832.3;TB383.1

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