【摘要】：開窗徑向水平井技術(shù)是水射流增產(chǎn)方式的典型應(yīng)用,是開發(fā)低孔、低滲油氣藏的有效手段。與常規(guī)水平井不同的是,開窗水平井使用水力破巖鉆頭實(shí)現(xiàn)破巖鉆進(jìn),鉆柱通常為小通徑連續(xù)油管與高壓軟管,鉆井液在管柱中流動(dòng)阻力較大,大量的水力能量耗費(fèi)在沿程損耗上,破巖鉆頭獲取的水功率有限,如果僅依靠提高地面泵壓的方式來(lái)增大鉆頭水功率,則由此帶來(lái)的設(shè)備成本將大幅提高。因此,本研究提出了在鉆井液中添加減阻劑來(lái)減小沿程損耗的技術(shù)思路。本研究首先建立在分析不同類型減阻劑的減阻機(jī)理基礎(chǔ)上,以新型徑向水平井技術(shù)中常用的通徑8mm軟管為分析對(duì)象,采用數(shù)值模擬方法,系統(tǒng)研究了清水與黏彈性條件下管內(nèi)沿程損耗與管長(zhǎng)、排量、黏度的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)在本研究條件下,相對(duì)于清水鉆井液,黏彈性條件下的沿程損耗明顯減小,且當(dāng)黏度為13.5cp時(shí)軟管內(nèi)的沿程損耗最小,在排量為60L/min時(shí),減阻率達(dá)到最高(51.4%),為地面實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)選減阻劑提供了理論支撐。其次,依托理論分析與數(shù)值模擬成果,初步優(yōu)選了四種減阻劑:聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、Gemini黏彈性季銨鹽表面活性劑、極壓潤(rùn)滑劑HY-202,在不同質(zhì)量濃度與排量條件下,測(cè)試了通徑8mm尼龍軟管、16mm尼龍軟管與通徑14.6mm連續(xù)油管的沿程損耗,并與同等工況下的清水鉆井液進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn):加入四種減阻劑后,沿程損耗均低于清水鉆井液,且表面活性劑類減阻劑Gemini黏彈性季銨鹽表面活性劑在質(zhì)量濃度為1.5%時(shí),不僅減阻率最高可達(dá)64.49%,同時(shí)具有強(qiáng)抗剪切性能,可作為開窗水平井理想的減阻劑。最后,進(jìn)行了新型徑向水平井鉆井水力參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),編制了基于本研究條件下的沿程損耗計(jì)算軟件,可為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用提供參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The open window radial horizontal well technology is a typical application of water jet increasing production and is an effective means to develop low porosity and low permeability oil and gas reservoirs. Different from the conventional horizontal wells, hydraulic rock breaking bit is used in the open window horizontal wells to realize rock breaking drilling. The drill string is usually small diameter continuous tubing and high pressure hose, and the flow resistance of drilling fluid in the pipe string is high. A large amount of hydraulic energy is consumed on the side loss, and the water power obtained by the rock breaking bit is limited. If the water power of the bit is increased only by increasing the surface pump pressure, the equipment cost will be greatly increased. Therefore, in this study, the technical idea of adding drag reducing agent to the drilling fluid to reduce the loss along the path is put forward. Based on the analysis of drag reduction mechanism of different types of drag-reducing agents, this study takes the diameter 8mm hose commonly used in the new radial horizontal well technology as the analysis object, and adopts the numerical simulation method. The relationship between pipe length, displacement and viscosity under the condition of clear water and viscoelasticity is systematically studied. It is found that the loss along the pipe under visco-elastic conditions is obviously reduced compared with that of clear water drilling fluid. When the viscosity is 13.5cp, the loss along the tube is the smallest, and the drag reduction rate is the highest (51.4%) when the displacement is 60L / min, which provides the theoretical support for the selection of drag reducer in the ground experiment. Secondly, based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results, four drag reducing agents, polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl oxide (PEO) Gemini viscoelastic quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, extreme pressure lubricant HY-2020, were preliminarily selected. The side loss of 8mm nylon hose with 16mm diameter and diameter 14.6mm continuous tubing is tested and compared with the water drilling fluid under the same working conditions. It is found that the loss along the path is lower than that of the clear water drilling fluid after the addition of four drag reducing agents. When the mass concentration of Gemini viscoelastic quaternary ammonium salt surfactants is 1.5, not only the drag reduction rate can reach 64.49, but also the resistance to shear is strong. Gemini quaternary ammonium surfactant can be used as an ideal drag reducing agent for horizontal wells with open windows. Finally, the optimization design of hydraulic parameters of a new type of radial horizontal well drilling is carried out, and the calculation software of the loss along the track is developed under the condition of this study, which can provide a reference for the field application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE243

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