發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-18 08:01

【摘要】：海相碳酸鹽巖在我國(guó)分布廣泛,如今塔里木盆地、四川盆地以及鄂爾多斯盆地已成為我國(guó)海相碳酸鹽巖油氣勘探的重點(diǎn)地區(qū)。隨著海相碳酸鹽巖油氣勘探技術(shù)的提高,己取得普光、元壩、塔中等地區(qū)的油氣發(fā)現(xiàn)和突破。在一定條件下,碳酸鹽巖及礁灘是石油和天然氣的理想儲(chǔ)集場(chǎng)所。碳酸鹽巖油氣藏以其圈閉類型多、儲(chǔ)集性能優(yōu)越、含油氣性良好、產(chǎn)量高等有利因素,一直受到地質(zhì)學(xué)家和地球物理學(xué)家的重視。從單純的碳酸鹽巖定義、結(jié)構(gòu)、分類與沉積環(huán)境等地質(zhì)學(xué)研究到相儲(chǔ)層特征、地震波反射特征、儲(chǔ)層識(shí)別與預(yù)測(cè)技術(shù)等,都是油氣勘探中的重要研究?jī)?nèi)容。碳酸鹽巖隱蔽油氣藏勘探由于儲(chǔ)層空間分布的非規(guī)則性、多尺度性及勘探技術(shù)分辨率的限制,在勘探過(guò)程中仍然存在諸多困難。鑒于問(wèn)題的復(fù)雜性,目前對(duì)儲(chǔ)層還難以進(jìn)行有效識(shí)別和預(yù)測(cè)。針對(duì)勘探和解釋難點(diǎn),本文用數(shù)值模擬方法研究?jī)?chǔ)層在地震記錄上的響應(yīng)特征規(guī)律,研究成果對(duì)儲(chǔ)層識(shí)別和油氣預(yù)測(cè)具有很高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值和實(shí)際意義。本文系統(tǒng)介紹了生物礁的形態(tài)分類以及分布特征,同時(shí),對(duì)生物礁灘儲(chǔ)層地震響應(yīng)特征作了比較全面的分析,為正演模型的制作和正演結(jié)果解釋奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。另一方面重點(diǎn)研究了褶積模型地震波場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬方法。通過(guò)對(duì)各種類型的碳酸鹽巖礁灘地層進(jìn)行地質(zhì)建模,運(yùn)用褶積地震波正演成像,建立相應(yīng)地層的地震響應(yīng)模式,總結(jié)碳酸鹽巖反射地震波場(chǎng)識(shí)別特征與儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)方法,一定程度上可以指導(dǎo)油氣勘探及解釋工作。本論文主要開(kāi)展了以下幾方面的工作:第一、了解生物礁的形態(tài)分類、分布特征以及結(jié)合實(shí)際地震資料分析生物礁灘儲(chǔ)層的地震響應(yīng),探索碳酸鹽巖礁灘的響應(yīng)特征。第二、詳細(xì)論述了褶積算法以及褶積法合成地震記錄的過(guò)程,根據(jù)基于控制點(diǎn)二維封閉結(jié)構(gòu)地質(zhì)體模型建立的策略,掌握了褶積模型正演方法并進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的波場(chǎng)數(shù)值試驗(yàn),并嘗試在不同頻率下的波場(chǎng)成像,效果很理想。第三、利用褶積法,構(gòu)建了典型的點(diǎn)礁、塔礁、臺(tái)地邊緣礁和灘等礁灘地質(zhì)模型并作正演模擬,同時(shí)取得了較好的效果。最后結(jié)合川東北元壩、盤(pán)龍洞等實(shí)際地震和地質(zhì)資料建立褶積正演模型,采用不同頻率子波對(duì)兩個(gè)礁、灘模型作褶積正演,分別和原始地震剖面記錄進(jìn)行比較分析,最終認(rèn)為,對(duì)臺(tái)地邊緣礁進(jìn)行正演數(shù)值模擬時(shí)采用低頻子波較為理想,而對(duì)于鮞粒灘則選用中頻。這些研究對(duì)當(dāng)前低分辨率條件下碳酸鹽巖地震相分析與猜測(cè)地質(zhì)模型的建立具有較好的指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:Marine carbonate rocks are widely distributed in China. Nowadays, Tarim basin, Sichuan basin and Ordos basin have become the key areas of marine carbonate exploration in China. With the improvement of marine carbonate exploration technology, oil and gas discovery and breakthrough have been made in Puguang, Yuanba and Tazhong areas. Under certain conditions, carbonate rock and reef beach are ideal reservoir places for oil and gas. Carbonate reservoirs have been paid much attention by geologists and geophysicists for their many trap types, superior reservoir performance, good oil and gas bearing properties and high production. From simple geological studies of carbonate rock definition, structure, classification and sedimentary environment to facies reservoir characteristics, seismic wave reflection characteristics, reservoir identification and prediction techniques, are important research contents in oil and gas exploration. There are still many difficulties in the exploration of subtle carbonate reservoirs due to the irregularity, multi-scale and technical resolution of the reservoir spatial distribution. In view of the complexity of the problem, it is difficult to identify and predict the reservoir effectively. In view of the difficulties of exploration and interpretation, this paper uses numerical simulation method to study the characteristics of reservoir response on seismic records. The research results have high application value and practical significance for reservoir identification and oil and gas prediction. In this paper, the morphological classification and distribution characteristics of the reef are systematically introduced. At the same time, the seismic response characteristics of the reef beach reservoir are analyzed comprehensively, which lays a foundation for the making of forward modeling and the interpretation of forward modeling results. On the other hand, the numerical simulation method of seismic wave field of convolution model is studied. Through the geological modeling of various types of carbonate reef beach, the seismic response model of corresponding strata is established by using forward imaging of convolution seismic wave, and the identification characteristics of reflection seismic wave field of carbonate rock and the method of reservoir prediction are summarized. To some extent, it can guide the exploration and interpretation of oil and gas. The main work of this paper is as follows: first, we understand the morphological classification, distribution characteristics and seismic response of reef reservoir, and explore the response characteristics of carbonate reef beach. Secondly, the convolution algorithm and the process of synthesizing seismic records by convolution method are discussed in detail. According to the strategy of building two dimensional closed structure geological body model based on control point, the forward modeling method of convolution model is mastered and the complex wave field numerical experiment is carried out. At the same time, we try to image the wave field at different frequencies, and the effect is very good. Thirdly, by using convolution method, typical geological models of point reef, tower reef, terrace edge reef and beach are constructed and simulated, and good results are obtained. Finally, combining with the actual seismic and geological data, such as Yuanba and Panlong Cave in northeast Sichuan, the forward model of convolution is established. The convolution forward modeling of two reefs and beach models is made by using wavelet with different frequencies, and the comparison and analysis between the model and the original seismic profile record are carried out respectively, and finally, it is concluded that, The low frequency wavelet is ideal for the forward numerical simulation of the platform edge reef, while the middle frequency is used for the oolitic beach. These studies can guide the seismic facies analysis of carbonate rocks and the establishment of geological models under low resolution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13;P631.4

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本文編號(hào)：2131260