【摘要】：重油懸浮床加氫技術優(yōu)點突出,是劣質重油輕質化的理想工藝,對煉油工業(yè)具有戰(zhàn)略性意義,同時也是一項巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。懸浮床加氫技術所采用的典型反應器是鼓泡床反應器,在反應器的工程放大過程中,分布器的設計、優(yōu)化以及反應器內(nèi)的流體力學特性至關重要。本文總結了管式分布器的具體設計方法,采用CFD方法模擬了分布器和反應器,為懸浮床加氫技術選擇合適的分布器提供了依據(jù),進而為反應器的工程放大和工業(yè)化提供幫助。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:參考華盛頓大學鼓泡床反應器流體力學實驗,利用CFD軟件建立鼓泡床反應器多相流計算模型,將模擬結果與實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行對比,吻合較好,驗證了所建立模型的可靠性和準確性�？偨Y了管式分布器的設計思路和具體設計方法,以5萬噸/年重油懸浮床加氫工業(yè)裝置的反應器為對象分別設計了10種不同尺寸的管式分布器;同時根據(jù)工程經(jīng)驗設計了單噴嘴、文丘里噴嘴和多噴嘴型分布器。通過CFD方法建立了管式分布器的單相流計算模型,分析了環(huán)管和排管分布器出口氣速的分布規(guī)律,分別討論了孔徑、孔間距和布孔管管徑對兩種管式分布器出口氣速和分布不均勻度的影響,確定了尺寸最佳的管式分布器結構參數(shù)。將設計的噴嘴型分布器以及最優(yōu)尺寸的管式分布器加入到工業(yè)尺寸鼓泡床反應器中,采用驗證過的CFD計算模型對反應器進行三維全尺寸模擬,分析了反應器內(nèi)流動規(guī)律,比較了不同分布器的性能,結果表明管式分布器的性能明顯優(yōu)于噴嘴型分布器。
[Abstract]:Heavy oil suspension bed hydrogenation technology has outstanding advantages and is an ideal process for the light weight of inferior heavy oil. It is of strategic significance to the refining industry and a great challenge at the same time. The typical reactor used in suspension bed hydrogenation is bubbling bed reactor. In the process of engineering amplification, the design and optimization of distributor and the hydrodynamic characteristics in reactor are very important. In this paper, the concrete design method of tubular distributor is summarized, and the distributor and reactor are simulated by CFD method, which provides the basis for selecting suitable distributor for suspended bed hydrogenation technology, and then provides help for the engineering enlargement and industrialization of the reactor. The main research contents are as follows: referring to the fluid dynamics experiment of bubble bed reactor at the University of Washington, the multiphase flow calculation model of bubble bed reactor is established by CFD software, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental data, and the results are in good agreement with each other. The reliability and accuracy of the model are verified. The design idea and design method of tubular distributor were summarized. 10 kinds of tubular distributors with different sizes were designed with the reactor of heavy oil suspension bed hydrogenation unit of 50,000 tons per year as the object. At the same time, single nozzle, Venturi nozzle and multi-nozzle distributor are designed according to engineering experience. The single-phase flow calculation model of the tube distributor is established by CFD method. The distribution law of the outlet gas velocity of the loop distributor and the row tube distributor is analyzed, and the pore diameter is discussed, respectively. The effects of hole spacing and pipe diameter on the outlet gas velocity and distribution uniformity of two kinds of tube distributors were studied. The optimum structural parameters of the tube distributor were determined. The designed nozzle distributor and the optimal size tube distributor were added to the industrial size bubbling bed reactor. The three-dimensional full-scale simulation of the reactor was carried out by using the verified CFD calculation model, and the flow law in the reactor was analyzed. The performance of different distributor is compared. The results show that the performance of tubular distributor is better than that of nozzle distributor.
【學位授予單位】：中國石油大學(華東)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE96

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