油套管特殊螺紋連接強(qiáng)度和密封理論研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-17 01:19
【摘要】：油套管特殊螺紋具有連接強(qiáng)度高和密封性能好的優(yōu)點(diǎn),它己成為解決高溫高壓含腐蝕介質(zhì)等復(fù)雜惡劣工況下氣井井筒完整性的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。然而,即使是采用國際公認(rèn)先進(jìn)的油套管特殊螺紋,螺紋開裂或斷裂及密封失效問題仍時有發(fā)生。目前關(guān)于特殊螺紋的研究主要采用有限元分析和試驗(yàn)法,此類方法較難以揭示螺紋連接失效機(jī)理及普遍規(guī)律。同時,油套管特殊螺紋目前無公認(rèn)的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但相信各主流油套管公司均具有各自核心的密封結(jié)構(gòu)形式以及相關(guān)的核心設(shè)計(jì)理論和分析軟件。本文主要采用理論建模的方法對油套管特殊螺紋連接強(qiáng)度和密封理論進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)的研究,包括油套管特殊螺紋上扣扭矩理論模型、擰緊和軸向工作力學(xué)理論模型、連接強(qiáng)度理論模型、密封面接觸應(yīng)力理論模型、氣體泄漏率理論模型、密封性能定性定量評價(jià)理論方法、密封結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)理論方法、腐蝕泄漏機(jī)理和材料接觸應(yīng)力松弛泄漏機(jī)理等。研究的主要內(nèi)容概括如下：(1)調(diào)研了國內(nèi)外油套管螺紋連接理論、有限元和試驗(yàn)研究現(xiàn)狀,分析了特殊螺紋連接研究領(lǐng)域目前存在的主要問題,提出了論文的研究思路和主要內(nèi)容。(2)分析了油套管特殊螺紋上扣扭矩構(gòu)成,在此基礎(chǔ)上基于彈性力學(xué)厚壁圓筒理論和旋轉(zhuǎn)臺肩法爾公式建立了上扣扭矩理論模型。以某Φ88.9mm油管特殊螺紋為例,對上扣扭矩及其構(gòu)成的影響因素進(jìn)行了敏感性分析,得出了螺紋徑向過盈量、密封面徑向過盈量、臺肩面軸向過盈量以及螺紋脂摩擦系數(shù)對上扣總扭矩以及臺肩面作用扭矩比例的影響規(guī)律,從而為油套管特殊螺紋參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)。(3)基于彈性力學(xué)和螺紋牙三維空間曲面描述建立了油套管特殊螺紋擰緊軸向載荷分布和螺紋牙平均接觸應(yīng)力理論模型并通過有限元實(shí)例對比分析驗(yàn)證了理論模型的有效性,同時得出了擰緊時螺紋軸向載荷分布規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明：臺肩預(yù)緊力主要由距離臺肩面附近的4-6個螺紋牙承擔(dān),僅最后一牙就承擔(dān)了47.7%。為防止螺紋粘扣,應(yīng)避免臺肩過扭矩。同時必須考慮臺肩預(yù)緊力對螺紋連接強(qiáng)度和密封性能的影響。(4)基于彈性力學(xué)建立了油套管特殊螺紋軸向拉壓工作時力學(xué)理論模型,以某Φ88.9mm油管特殊螺紋為例分析得出了軸向拉伸和壓縮載荷作用下螺紋旋合段載荷分布規(guī)律,明確了油套管特殊螺紋主要失效位置和失效形式,從而為建立特殊螺紋連接強(qiáng)度公式奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。(5)分析了API螺紋連接強(qiáng)度公式的不足,建立了考慮臺肩面預(yù)緊力、螺紋連接強(qiáng)度、防止臺肩面分離和屈服的油套管特殊螺紋軸向受拉受壓連接強(qiáng)度理論模型。以某088.9mm非外加厚、外加厚和特殊間隙接箍油管特殊螺紋為例開展了實(shí)例計(jì)算,得出了油套管特殊螺紋失效規(guī)律,提出了采用端部內(nèi)外加厚、厚壁油管避免使用特殊間隙接箍并合理控制臺肩面上扣作用扭矩有利于提高特殊螺紋連接強(qiáng)度和連接效率。(6)針對協(xié)調(diào)式(錐面對錐面)和非協(xié)調(diào)式(球面對錐面、球面對柱面及球面對球面)接觸主密封結(jié)構(gòu),分別采用彈性力學(xué)厚壁圓筒過盈配合理論和Hretze彈性接觸力學(xué)理論建立了主密封面徑向過盈接觸應(yīng)力理論模型并對影響過盈接觸應(yīng)力的密封結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了敏感性分析,得出了錐面錐度、油套管壁厚、球面半徑以及涂敷合金彈性模量對主密封面過盈接觸應(yīng)力的影響規(guī)律。提出了合理控制錐面錐度、采用球?qū)η騼?nèi)接觸或球面對柱面主密封結(jié)構(gòu)、密封面涂敷低彈性模量合金有利于提高油套管特殊螺紋主密封性能。(7)基于管柱力學(xué)理論建立了井下載荷工況下主密封面和臺肩面實(shí)際接觸應(yīng)力理論模型,并以錐對錐和球?qū)χ髅芊饨Y(jié)構(gòu)為例進(jìn)行了密封接觸應(yīng)力分布敏感性分析,得出了軸向拉伸、軸向壓縮、氣體內(nèi)壓、環(huán)空外壓、井筒溫度升高以及復(fù)合載荷工況對主密封面接觸長度、主密封面和臺肩面平均接觸應(yīng)力的影響規(guī)律。提出了應(yīng)避免環(huán)空帶壓和合理控制臺肩面上扣作用扭矩,以提高特殊螺紋密封性能。(8)建立了基于密封接觸能機(jī)理和密封面極限屈服條件的特殊螺紋氣密封性能定性評價(jià)方法并繪制了氣密封包絡(luò)線,評價(jià)了不同井下載荷工況下主密封面和臺肩面密封性能,提出了油套管特殊螺紋主密封結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)理論方法。(9)基于粗糙表面彈塑性分形接觸力學(xué)和不可壓縮層流流動理論,建立了氣體通過特殊螺紋錐對錐主密封微小間隙的泄漏率理論模型,并通過基于Murtagian試驗(yàn)的氣密封包絡(luò)線驗(yàn)證了理論模型的有效性。同時,通過實(shí)例分析得出了密封面平均接觸應(yīng)力、有效接觸長度和密封面粗糙度對氣體泄漏率的影響規(guī)律。建立的氣體泄漏率理論模型為揭示特殊螺紋泄漏本質(zhì)、定性評價(jià)密封性能、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)密封結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)提供了理論依據(jù)。(10)開展了13CrS-110和普通碳鋼管段試樣模擬實(shí)際井底、井口溫度壓力以及地層水和C02腐蝕環(huán)境下的腐蝕對比試驗(yàn)和13CrS-110油套管特殊螺紋應(yīng)力腐蝕試驗(yàn),揭示了管材腐蝕導(dǎo)致油套管特殊螺紋密封失效機(jī)理和規(guī)律。提出了密封面接觸應(yīng)力松弛導(dǎo)致縫隙腐蝕和泄漏的觀點(diǎn),并評價(jià)了油氣井常用管材接觸應(yīng)力松弛性能。創(chuàng)新性地提出了高鋼級和低鋼級油套管特殊螺紋應(yīng)采取不同的密封設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則�？傊�,通過本文的研究工作,首次較系統(tǒng)地建立了一套油套管特殊螺紋連接強(qiáng)度和密封理論體系,這不僅為分析油套管特殊螺紋工作力學(xué)行為、評價(jià)特殊螺紋連接性能,設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)新型特殊螺紋提供了理論依據(jù)和方法,同時對于降低油套管特殊螺紋連接失效、提高高溫高壓氣井井筒完整性具有重要意義。因此,本文的研究工作不僅具有重要的理論意義和學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,而且具有重大的工程意義和廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:The special thread of oil and casing has the advantages of high connection strength and good sealing performance. It has become one of the key technologies to solve the wellbore integrity of gas well under complicated and harsh conditions, such as high temperature and high pressure corrosion medium. However, even if the international recognized advanced oil and casing threads are used, the problem of thread cracking or fracture and sealing failure still exists. At present, the research on special thread mainly adopts the finite element analysis and test method. This method is difficult to reveal the failure mechanism and universal law of threaded connection. At the same time, there is no accepted technical standard for the special thread of oil and casing, but it is believed that all the main oil and casing companies have their own core seal structure form and related core. In this paper, the theoretical modeling method is used to make a systematic research on the strength and sealing theory of the special thread connection of oil and casing, including the theoretical model of the torque of the special thread, the theoretical model of tightening and axial working mechanics, the theoretical model of the connection strength and the theoretical model of the contact stress of the seal face. The theoretical model of gas leakage rate, the qualitative and quantitative evaluation theory method of sealing performance, the theory method of sealing structure parameter design, the mechanism of corrosion leakage and the mechanism of material contact stress relaxation leakage. The main contents of the research are summarized as follows: (1) investigation on the theory of thread connection of oil and casing at home and abroad, the present situation of finite element and experimental research, and the analysis of the characteristics of the theory of finite element and test. The main problems existing in the research field of the special thread connection are present, and the research ideas and main contents of the paper are put forward. (2) the torque composition of the special thread on the casing thread is analyzed. Based on this, the theoretical model of the upper torque is established based on the theory of elastic thick wall cylinder and the rotary table shoulder formula, with a special thread of a certain 88.9mm tubing. For example, the sensitivity analysis is carried out on the influence factors of the torque and its composition, and the influence rules of the screw radial interference, the radial interference of the seal face, the axial interference amount of the shoulder surface and the friction coefficient of the screw grease on the total torque of the upper buckle and the ratio of the torque to the shoulder face are obtained, so as to optimize the design of the special thread parameters of the oil and casing. The theoretical basis is provided. (3) based on the description of the elastic mechanics and the three-dimensional curved surface of the threaded teeth, the theoretical model of the axial load distribution and the average contact stress of the threaded teeth is established and the validity of the theoretical model is verified by the comparison and analysis of the finite element examples. At the same time, the axial load distribution law of the screw thread is obtained. The results show that the pretension of the shoulder is mainly borne by the 4-6 threaded teeth near the shoulder surface. Only the last one bears the 47.7%. to prevent the thread sticking, and the over torque of the shoulder should be avoided. At the same time, the influence of the shoulder pretension on the strength of the thread connection and the sealing performance must be considered. (4) the special thread shaft of the oil and sleeve is established based on the elasticity mechanics. The mechanical theoretical model of the tension and pressure work is made. Taking the special thread of a certain 88.9mm tubing as an example, the load distribution law of the screw rotation section under the action of axial tension and compression load is obtained. The main failure position and failure form of the special thread of the oil and casing are clarified, which lays a theoretical foundation for the establishment of the special screw connection strength formula. (5) The deficiency of the strength formula of API thread connection is analyzed. The theoretical model of axial compression connection strength is established, which takes the pretension force of the shoulder surface and the strength of the thread connection to prevent the separation and yield of the shoulder surface. A case calculation is carried out with the example of a 088.9mm non external thickening, the extra thick and special clearance tubing special thread of the tubing. The failure law of special thread of oil and casing is given. It is proposed that the internal and external thickening of the end part, the thick wall tubing to avoid the use of special gap collar and the reasonable control of the torque on the shoulder face can improve the connection strength and connection efficiency of the special thread. (6) the coordination type (cone face to conical surface) and uncoordinated type (ball face conical surface, ball face cylinder face and The spherical surface of the ball is in contact with the main sealing structure. The theoretical model of radial interference contact stress of the main cover is established by using the theory of elastic thick wall cylinder interference fit and Hretze elastic contact mechanics, and the sensitivity analysis is made for the sealing structure parameters affecting the interference contact stress, and the cone surface taper, the thickness of the casing wall and the ball are obtained. The influence of the surface radius and the elastic modulus of the coating alloy on the interference contact stress of the cover cover is put forward. A reasonable control of the conical taper is put forward, the ball is used to contact the ball or the ball face the main seal structure, and the seal surface coating with low modulus of elasticity is beneficial to the improvement of the special seal performance of the oil casing. (7) based on the mechanical theory of the tube column The theoretical model of the actual contact stress of the main cover and the shoulder surface under the loading condition is downloaded, and the sensitivity analysis of the seal contact stress distribution is carried out with the cone and the ball to the main seal structure. The axial tension, axial compression, internal pressure of gas, outer pressure of the annular space, the rise of the wellbore temperature and the compound load condition on the main cover are obtained. The influence law of the contact length, the main cover and the average contact stress of the shoulder surface is proposed. It is proposed that the ring air pressure should be avoided and the torque on the shoulder surface is reasonably controlled to improve the sealing performance of the special thread. (8) the qualitative evaluation method of the special threaded gas seal performance based on the sealing contact energy mechanism and the limit yield condition of the sealing surface is established. The enveloping line of gas seal is drawn and the sealing performance of the main cover and shoulder surface under the loading condition of different wells is evaluated. The theoretical method of designing the main seal structure parameters of the special thread of the oil casing is proposed. (9) based on the rough surface elastoplastic fractal contact mechanics and the incompressible laminar flow theory, the gas through the special thread cone is established to the cone main. The theoretical model of leakage rate is sealed with small gap, and the validity of the theoretical model is verified by the air seal envelope based on Murtagian test. At the same time, the effect of the average contact stress, the effective contact length and the seal surface roughness on the gas leakage rate is obtained by the case analysis. The theoretical model of the gas leakage rate is established. It provides a theoretical basis for revealing the essence of leakage of special thread, evaluating the sealing performance qualitatively and optimizing the design of sealing structure parameters. (10) the simulated actual bottom of 13CrS-110 and common carbon steel tube specimens, the temperature pressure of the wellhead and the corrosion against test and the special thread stress corrosion of the 13CrS-110 oil casing under the formation water and the C02 corrosion environment The failure mechanism and law of the special thread sealing of the casing pipe caused by the pipe corrosion were revealed. The viewpoint of the gap corrosion and leakage caused by the contact stress relaxation of the sealing surface was put forward, and the contact stress relaxation performance of the common pipe material used in the oil and gas wells was evaluated. The special thread of the high steel grade and low steel grade oil casing should be innovatively adopted. In summary, through the research work of this paper, a set of special thread connection strength and sealing theory system of oil and casing is set up for the first time. It not only provides a theoretical basis and method for analyzing the mechanical behavior of the special thread of oil and casing, evaluating the connection performance of special thread, and designing and developing new special thread. In order to reduce the failure of the special thread connection of the oil and casing, it is of great significance to improve the wellbore integrity of high temperature and high pressure gas well. Therefore, the research work of this paper not only has important theoretical significance and academic value, but also has great engineering significance and wide application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE931.2
[Abstract]:The special thread of oil and casing has the advantages of high connection strength and good sealing performance. It has become one of the key technologies to solve the wellbore integrity of gas well under complicated and harsh conditions, such as high temperature and high pressure corrosion medium. However, even if the international recognized advanced oil and casing threads are used, the problem of thread cracking or fracture and sealing failure still exists. At present, the research on special thread mainly adopts the finite element analysis and test method. This method is difficult to reveal the failure mechanism and universal law of threaded connection. At the same time, there is no accepted technical standard for the special thread of oil and casing, but it is believed that all the main oil and casing companies have their own core seal structure form and related core. In this paper, the theoretical modeling method is used to make a systematic research on the strength and sealing theory of the special thread connection of oil and casing, including the theoretical model of the torque of the special thread, the theoretical model of tightening and axial working mechanics, the theoretical model of the connection strength and the theoretical model of the contact stress of the seal face. The theoretical model of gas leakage rate, the qualitative and quantitative evaluation theory method of sealing performance, the theory method of sealing structure parameter design, the mechanism of corrosion leakage and the mechanism of material contact stress relaxation leakage. The main contents of the research are summarized as follows: (1) investigation on the theory of thread connection of oil and casing at home and abroad, the present situation of finite element and experimental research, and the analysis of the characteristics of the theory of finite element and test. The main problems existing in the research field of the special thread connection are present, and the research ideas and main contents of the paper are put forward. (2) the torque composition of the special thread on the casing thread is analyzed. Based on this, the theoretical model of the upper torque is established based on the theory of elastic thick wall cylinder and the rotary table shoulder formula, with a special thread of a certain 88.9mm tubing. For example, the sensitivity analysis is carried out on the influence factors of the torque and its composition, and the influence rules of the screw radial interference, the radial interference of the seal face, the axial interference amount of the shoulder surface and the friction coefficient of the screw grease on the total torque of the upper buckle and the ratio of the torque to the shoulder face are obtained, so as to optimize the design of the special thread parameters of the oil and casing. The theoretical basis is provided. (3) based on the description of the elastic mechanics and the three-dimensional curved surface of the threaded teeth, the theoretical model of the axial load distribution and the average contact stress of the threaded teeth is established and the validity of the theoretical model is verified by the comparison and analysis of the finite element examples. At the same time, the axial load distribution law of the screw thread is obtained. The results show that the pretension of the shoulder is mainly borne by the 4-6 threaded teeth near the shoulder surface. Only the last one bears the 47.7%. to prevent the thread sticking, and the over torque of the shoulder should be avoided. At the same time, the influence of the shoulder pretension on the strength of the thread connection and the sealing performance must be considered. (4) the special thread shaft of the oil and sleeve is established based on the elasticity mechanics. The mechanical theoretical model of the tension and pressure work is made. Taking the special thread of a certain 88.9mm tubing as an example, the load distribution law of the screw rotation section under the action of axial tension and compression load is obtained. The main failure position and failure form of the special thread of the oil and casing are clarified, which lays a theoretical foundation for the establishment of the special screw connection strength formula. (5) The deficiency of the strength formula of API thread connection is analyzed. The theoretical model of axial compression connection strength is established, which takes the pretension force of the shoulder surface and the strength of the thread connection to prevent the separation and yield of the shoulder surface. A case calculation is carried out with the example of a 088.9mm non external thickening, the extra thick and special clearance tubing special thread of the tubing. The failure law of special thread of oil and casing is given. It is proposed that the internal and external thickening of the end part, the thick wall tubing to avoid the use of special gap collar and the reasonable control of the torque on the shoulder face can improve the connection strength and connection efficiency of the special thread. (6) the coordination type (cone face to conical surface) and uncoordinated type (ball face conical surface, ball face cylinder face and The spherical surface of the ball is in contact with the main sealing structure. The theoretical model of radial interference contact stress of the main cover is established by using the theory of elastic thick wall cylinder interference fit and Hretze elastic contact mechanics, and the sensitivity analysis is made for the sealing structure parameters affecting the interference contact stress, and the cone surface taper, the thickness of the casing wall and the ball are obtained. The influence of the surface radius and the elastic modulus of the coating alloy on the interference contact stress of the cover cover is put forward. A reasonable control of the conical taper is put forward, the ball is used to contact the ball or the ball face the main seal structure, and the seal surface coating with low modulus of elasticity is beneficial to the improvement of the special seal performance of the oil casing. (7) based on the mechanical theory of the tube column The theoretical model of the actual contact stress of the main cover and the shoulder surface under the loading condition is downloaded, and the sensitivity analysis of the seal contact stress distribution is carried out with the cone and the ball to the main seal structure. The axial tension, axial compression, internal pressure of gas, outer pressure of the annular space, the rise of the wellbore temperature and the compound load condition on the main cover are obtained. The influence law of the contact length, the main cover and the average contact stress of the shoulder surface is proposed. It is proposed that the ring air pressure should be avoided and the torque on the shoulder surface is reasonably controlled to improve the sealing performance of the special thread. (8) the qualitative evaluation method of the special threaded gas seal performance based on the sealing contact energy mechanism and the limit yield condition of the sealing surface is established. The enveloping line of gas seal is drawn and the sealing performance of the main cover and shoulder surface under the loading condition of different wells is evaluated. The theoretical method of designing the main seal structure parameters of the special thread of the oil casing is proposed. (9) based on the rough surface elastoplastic fractal contact mechanics and the incompressible laminar flow theory, the gas through the special thread cone is established to the cone main. The theoretical model of leakage rate is sealed with small gap, and the validity of the theoretical model is verified by the air seal envelope based on Murtagian test. At the same time, the effect of the average contact stress, the effective contact length and the seal surface roughness on the gas leakage rate is obtained by the case analysis. The theoretical model of the gas leakage rate is established. It provides a theoretical basis for revealing the essence of leakage of special thread, evaluating the sealing performance qualitatively and optimizing the design of sealing structure parameters. (10) the simulated actual bottom of 13CrS-110 and common carbon steel tube specimens, the temperature pressure of the wellhead and the corrosion against test and the special thread stress corrosion of the 13CrS-110 oil casing under the formation water and the C02 corrosion environment The failure mechanism and law of the special thread sealing of the casing pipe caused by the pipe corrosion were revealed. The viewpoint of the gap corrosion and leakage caused by the contact stress relaxation of the sealing surface was put forward, and the contact stress relaxation performance of the common pipe material used in the oil and gas wells was evaluated. The special thread of the high steel grade and low steel grade oil casing should be innovatively adopted. In summary, through the research work of this paper, a set of special thread connection strength and sealing theory system of oil and casing is set up for the first time. It not only provides a theoretical basis and method for analyzing the mechanical behavior of the special thread of oil and casing, evaluating the connection performance of special thread, and designing and developing new special thread. In order to reduce the failure of the special thread connection of the oil and casing, it is of great significance to improve the wellbore integrity of high temperature and high pressure gas well. Therefore, the research work of this paper not only has important theoretical significance and academic value, but also has great engineering significance and wide application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE931.2
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1 姜宗紹;;3號油套管生產(chǎn)線簡介[J];寶鋼技術(shù);1993年04期
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5 李平全;;油套管的缺陷及其在建井期的典型失效案例——《油套管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究、油套管失效分析及典型案例》(5-1)[J];鋼管;2007年02期
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8 馮曉榮;延長石油材料公司年產(chǎn)7萬噸 石油油套管生產(chǎn)線投產(chǎn)[N];陜西日報(bào);2008年
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7 李s，
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