【摘要】：隨著油氣勘探工作的不斷深入,大斜度井作為一種經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的鉆采手段逐漸被業(yè)內(nèi)使用。然而由于大斜度井井斜大、水平位移較長,鉆井開發(fā)中摩阻扭矩高、井眼延伸困難、機械鉆速低等問題突出。由于鉆柱在井眼中的受力狀態(tài)十分復(fù)雜,鉆具靜力學(xué)應(yīng)用局限性及存在的問題更加突出,因此如何正確認(rèn)識大斜度井鉆柱動力學(xué)行為顯得尤為重要。 本文針對現(xiàn)階段大斜度井鉆井過程中鉆柱動態(tài)力學(xué)行為認(rèn)識薄弱的問題,在國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了基于有限元軟件的大斜度井全井鉆柱與井壁(套管壁)的有限元建模技術(shù)方法,結(jié)合室內(nèi)臺架實驗及現(xiàn)場鉆井?dāng)?shù)據(jù),指導(dǎo)本研究進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化仿真分析過程,并在此基礎(chǔ)上開展大斜度井全井鉆柱動力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬應(yīng)用研究,完善了大斜度井鉆柱動力學(xué)理論與應(yīng)用技術(shù)。 首先,進(jìn)行了大斜度井鉆柱系統(tǒng)工況分析,并研究了大斜度井全井鉆柱動力學(xué)研究中的關(guān)鍵問題。(1)鉆柱與井壁的接觸模型：根據(jù)三維井眼中鉆柱與井壁的接觸狀態(tài),對比有限元軟件中的罰函數(shù)法、拉格朗日乘子法和擴展拉格朗日乘子法的優(yōu)缺點,確定本文選用擴展拉格朗日乘子法；(2)鉆井液阻尼模型研究：類比分析了海洋工程波浪力學(xué)中對直桿管柱在流體中的受力情況的研究成果,得到鉆井液中運動鉆柱的曳力系數(shù),以此計算鉆柱動力學(xué)分析中的鉆井液阻尼力,使仿真分析更加結(jié)合實際；(3)鉆頭與巖石互作用研究：將鉆柱與巖石接觸的過程等效為摩擦模型,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了鉆壓扭矩弱耦合模型,使仿真分析更貼合實際工況。 其次,根據(jù)實鉆井眼軌跡和鉆具組合,建立了全井鉆柱的有限元模型,實現(xiàn)了多組井深下的大斜度井全井鉆柱動力學(xué)特性仿真計算,結(jié)合鉤載、扭矩、接觸力、加速度分布,研究了大斜度井鉆柱動力學(xué)特性,實現(xiàn)了長度超過5000m的大斜度井鉆柱的動力學(xué)特性仿真分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場PWD試驗,驗證了大斜度井全井鉆柱動力學(xué)仿真分析方法的可行性與正確性。 最后,進(jìn)行了大斜度井全井鉆柱動力學(xué)仿真技術(shù)應(yīng)用研究。對作業(yè)過程中載荷傳遞規(guī)律及不同井身結(jié)構(gòu)(井斜角、井深)參數(shù)下載荷傳遞規(guī)律差異進(jìn)行分析,給出了鉆井作業(yè)鉆壓施加、降摩減扭措施的指導(dǎo)性建議；通過對降摩減扭短節(jié)使用效果的仿真模擬,證明了本仿真技術(shù)能很好地滿足實際工程需求；最終形成了形成了一個大斜度井鉆柱系統(tǒng)動力學(xué)仿真分析模塊,為大斜度井鉆井設(shè)計、設(shè)備選型及鉆井實踐提供指導(dǎo)和幫助。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of oil and gas exploration, large deviated wells are gradually used as an economical and effective drilling and production method. However, due to large deviation, long horizontal displacement, high friction torque, difficult hole extension and low drilling speed, etc. Because the stress state of drill string in borehole is very complicated, the application limitation and existing problems of drilling string statics are more prominent, so it is very important to correctly understand the dynamic behavior of drill string in high inclination well. In view of the weak understanding of the dynamic mechanical behavior of drill string in the drilling process of large deviated wells at present, this paper is based on the domestic and foreign literature investigation. Based on the finite element software, the finite element modeling method of drilling string and lining (casing wall) for large deviated wells is established. Combined with laboratory test and field drilling data, the simulation and analysis process of this study is further optimized. On the basis of this, the application of numerical simulation of drilling string dynamics in large deviated wells is studied, and the theory and application technology of drill string dynamics in large deviated wells are improved. First of all, the working condition of drilling string system in high inclination well is analyzed, and the key problems in the research of drill string dynamics are studied. (1) the contact model between drill string and well wall: according to the contact state between drill string and well wall in 3D well, Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the penalty function method, Lagrange multiplier method and extended Lagrange multiplier method in the finite element software, it is determined that the extended Lagrange multiplier method is used in this paper. (2) study on the damping model of drilling fluid: the research results of wave mechanics in ocean engineering on the force of straight pipe string in fluid are analyzed by analogy, and the drag coefficient of moving string in drilling fluid is obtained. In this way, the damping force of drilling fluid in the dynamic analysis of drill string is calculated, which makes the simulation analysis more practical. (3) study on the interaction between drill bit and rock: the process of drill string and rock contact is equivalent to the friction model. On this basis, a weak coupling model of drilling torque is proposed, which makes the simulation and analysis more suitable to the actual working conditions. Secondly, according to the actual drilling trajectory and the combination of drilling tools, the finite element model of the whole well string is established, and the simulation calculation of the dynamic characteristics of the whole well string under multiple sets of well depths is realized, combining with the distribution of hook load, torque, contact force and acceleration. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of drill string in high slope well are studied, and the dynamic characteristics of drill string with a length of more than 5 000 m are simulated and analyzed. On this basis, the feasibility and correctness of the dynamic simulation analysis method for drilling string in large deviated wells are verified by combining with the field PWD test. Finally, the application of dynamic simulation technology of drilling string in large deviated well is studied. The difference of load transfer law and load transfer law of different well structure parameters (well inclination, well depth) during operation is analyzed, and the guiding suggestions for drilling operation to apply drilling pressure and reduce friction and torsion are given. The simulation results show that the simulation technology can meet the practical engineering requirements, and finally a dynamic simulation analysis module of drill string system with large slope is formed. It provides guidance and help for drilling design, equipment selection and drilling practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE921

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