本文選題：重油 + 結(jié)構(gòu)解析　； 參考：《中國石油大學(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,世界輕質(zhì)原油的可供利用量正在減少,而重質(zhì)原油在全球資源量中的比例呈逐年增加之勢。重質(zhì)油的高粘度、大型聚合體結(jié)構(gòu)使其在開采和輸送等方面受到制約,這直接影響了重質(zhì)油輸送的成本和效益。因此,有必要找出影響重油粘度的重要因素。重質(zhì)油的分子結(jié)構(gòu)是極其復(fù)雜的,且重油分子結(jié)構(gòu)對其物理化學性質(zhì)有著重大的影響,為預(yù)測重油的理化性質(zhì)和化學反應(yīng)特性,需要對重油分子結(jié)構(gòu)進行具體且詳盡的分析。然而,重油是由相對分子質(zhì)量較大、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的化合物所組成的混合物,對于這樣的物質(zhì),難以用一個準確的化合物來表示,可以考慮用Cn Hm的平均分子式來表示。在本課題中,對六種重質(zhì)原油的性質(zhì)進行分析,對每個油樣進行六組分的分析。根據(jù)每一個組分的分子量、元素分析、核磁共振等數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)改進的B-L法,計算出原油各組分的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),解析出其可能的分子結(jié)構(gòu)。由于每一個組分可能有多個平均分子結(jié)構(gòu),采用分子力學的方法,找出能量最低、結(jié)構(gòu)最穩(wěn)定的結(jié)構(gòu)作為最后確定的結(jié)構(gòu),其中,組分越重,分子結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜,而重膠質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)甚至比單元瀝青質(zhì)的單元片層的結(jié)構(gòu)更為復(fù)雜。對各組分進行動力學計算,結(jié)果表明,組分越重,密度及粘度的值也隨之增加。各組分的分子結(jié)構(gòu)建立之后,按照重油真實的比例,建立了不同重油的周期型結(jié)構(gòu)模型。計算不同溫度下的粘度,并與實驗值作對比。計算得到的粘度比實驗值偏大,可能是系統(tǒng)誤差偏大以及粘度計算方法上仍存在不足之處,但是趨勢和實驗結(jié)果是一致的。影響重油粘度的因素有很多,且影響程度不一樣,本課題中,采用灰熵分析的方法,得出這樣的結(jié)果,原油組成對其粘度的影響程度的順序依次為:膠質(zhì)≈瀝青質(zhì)NiN≈芳香分SVFe。因此,研究膠質(zhì)、瀝青質(zhì)的分子結(jié)構(gòu)的特征對重油的開采、加工及運輸有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:At present, the available amount of light crude oil in the world is decreasing, while the proportion of heavy crude oil in global resources is increasing year by year. The high viscosity of heavy oil and the structure of large polymer restrict the exploitation and transportation of heavy oil, which directly affect the cost and benefit of heavy oil transportation. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the important factors affecting the viscosity of heavy oil. The molecular structure of heavy oil is extremely complex, and the molecular structure of heavy oil has a great influence on its physical and chemical properties. In order to predict the physicochemical and chemical properties of heavy oil, it is necessary to analyze the molecular structure of heavy oil in detail. However, heavy oil is a mixture of compounds with relatively large molecular weight and complex structure. It is difficult to express such a substance by an accurate compound, and can be expressed by the average molecular formula of CN Hm. In this paper, the properties of six kinds of heavy crude oil are analyzed, and the six components of each oil sample are analyzed. According to the data of molecular weight, element analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance of each component, the structural parameters of each component of crude oil were calculated according to the improved B-L method, and the possible molecular structure of each component was analyzed. Since each component may have more than one average molecular structure, the lowest energy and most stable structure can be found by molecular mechanics, in which the heavier the component, the more complex the molecular structure is. The structure of heavy resin is more complex than that of unit asphaltene. The kinetic calculation of each component shows that the heavier the component is, the higher the density and viscosity are. After the molecular structure of each component was established, the periodic structure model of different heavy oil was established according to the true proportion of heavy oil. The viscosity at different temperatures was calculated and compared with the experimental values. The calculated viscosity is larger than the experimental value, which may be due to the large system error and the shortcomings in the method of viscosity calculation, but the trend is consistent with the experimental results. There are many factors that affect the viscosity of heavy oil, and the degree of influence is different. In this paper, the method of grey entropy analysis is used to get the result that the order of influence of crude oil composition on viscosity is: colloid 鈮，

本文編號：2115623