本文選題：稠油破乳劑 + 含氫硅油　； 參考：《陜西科技大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,世界能源危機日趨嚴重,加上容易開采的常規(guī)原油儲量在不斷減少,越來越多的國家開始重視對稠油的開采。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,在全世界范圍內(nèi),稠油的儲量要遠大于常規(guī)原油的儲量。我國的稠油資源儲量也較為豐富,已經(jīng)探明的稠油儲量為總石油儲量的15%~20%。稠油與常規(guī)原油相比,含有較高的瀝青質(zhì)、膠質(zhì),其吸附在油水界面形成牢固的界面膜,導致稠油乳液比普通原油乳液更難脫水。因此稠油專用破乳劑的研發(fā)具有十分重要的經(jīng)濟和社會意義。以甲基為側(cè)鏈的有機硅聚合物具有低表面張力的突出特點,而側(cè)鏈連接親水親油基團使其同時具有親水親油性能。通過調(diào)節(jié)各種親水親油基團的比例,可以合成多種有機硅原油破乳劑。膠質(zhì)、瀝青質(zhì)分子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是以多個芳香環(huán)組成的稠合芳香烴為中心,周圍連接若干環(huán)烷環(huán)、芳香環(huán)。具有芳環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的破乳劑在稠油中會有很好的溶解擴散性,從而體現(xiàn)出脫水速率快、脫水率高的優(yōu)勢。本課題首先通過酯化反應合成了中間體丙烯酸壬基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯酯,然后用甲基封端聚醚與自制聚醚酯改性含氫硅油合成了一種新型的聚硅氧烷稠油破乳劑。主要研究了中間體與聚硅氧烷稠油破乳劑的合成工藝條件并對自制稠油破乳劑的破乳性能進行評價,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)以丙烯酸、壬基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚為原料,在對甲苯磺酸的催化下,發(fā)生酯化反應,合成了中間體丙烯酸壬基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯酯。探討了中間體的合成條件,并對結(jié)構(gòu)進行表征。最佳的合成條件為:反應時間為6h,反應溫度為130℃,丙烯酸、壬基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚的摩爾比為5.0:1,催化劑用量為3%,阻聚劑用量為0.8%,在此條件下酯化率達到97.9%。(2)以氯鉑酸為催化劑,甲基封端聚醚、自制聚醚酯(聚醚酯與甲基封端聚醚摩爾比為1:1)與0.08%含氫硅油發(fā)生硅氫化加成反應,合成了一種聚硅氧烷稠油破乳劑。探討了破乳劑的合成條件,并對結(jié)構(gòu)進行表征。最佳的合成條件為:反應時間為8h,反應溫度為95℃,硅氫鍵與雙鍵摩爾比為1:1.20,催化劑用量為50μg/g,在此條件下Si-H轉(zhuǎn)化率達到93.5%。通過聚硅氧烷稠油破乳劑水溶液表面張力測試可知,其臨界膠束濃度為0.8g/L,最低表面張力為27.035m N/m,并且隨著聚醚酯與甲基封端聚醚摩爾比的增加表面張力呈降低趨勢。(3)探討了聚硅氧烷稠油破乳劑對陳莊稠油乳狀液的破乳效果,得出最佳的破乳條件為:破乳劑用量為200mg/L,破乳溫度為75℃,破乳時間為2.5h,聚醚酯與聚醚摩爾比為3:1,在此條件下脫水率為83.5%。與市售的PFA8311、AE2010、PR4041、SP169四種破乳劑進行破乳性能對比得出結(jié)論:聚硅氧烷稠油破乳劑具有脫水率高、脫水速率快的優(yōu)點,但也顯出脫水后油水界面不是很整齊、脫出水質(zhì)泛黃的缺點。(4)將聚硅氧烷稠油破乳劑與AE2010進行復配破乳,在自制破乳劑用量為120mg/L,AE2010用量為80mg/L復配時破乳效果最佳,在此復配比例下,破乳溫度為75℃,破乳時間為2h,脫水率達到92.4%,并且油水界面整齊、脫出水質(zhì)清。
[Abstract]:At present, the world energy crisis is becoming more and more serious, and the regular crude oil reserves that are easy to be exploited are decreasing continuously. More and more countries begin to attach importance to the exploitation of heavy oil. According to statistics, the reserves of heavy oil are far greater than those of conventional crude oil. Compared with conventional crude oil, 15%~20%. heavy oil with total oil reserves contains high asphaltene and colloid, which is adsorbed on the oil-water interface to form a solid boundary mask, resulting in more difficult dehydration of heavy oil emulsion than ordinary oil emulsion. Therefore, the development of heavy oil specific demulsifier has great economic and social significance. The compound has a protruding characteristic of low surface tension, while the side chain connects hydrophilic lipophilic groups with hydrophilic lipophilic properties at the same time. By adjusting the proportion of various hydrophilic groups, a variety of organosilicon crude oil demulsifier can be synthesized. The basic structure of the colloid and asphaltene molecules is centered on the thickened aromatic hydrocarbons composed of several aromatic rings. A number of cyclic naphthenic rings and aromatic rings are connected. The demulsifier with aromatic ring structure will have good solubility and diffusivity in heavy oil, which reflects the advantages of fast dehydration rate and high dehydration rate. A new type of polysiloxane heavy oil demulsifier was synthesized by ether ester modified silicone oil. The synthetic process conditions of the intermediate and polysiloxane heavy oil demulsifier were mainly studied and the demulsification performance of the homemade heavy oil demulsifier was evaluated. The main results were as follows: (1) the acrylic acid and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether were used as the raw material. Under the catalysis of toluene sulfonic acid, the intermediate of polyoxyethylene polyoxyethylene acrylic acid nonylphenol polyoxypropylene ester is synthesized. The synthesis conditions of the intermediate are discussed and the structure is characterized. The optimum synthesis conditions are as follows: the reaction time is 6h, the reaction temperature is 130, and the molar ratio of acrylic acid and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether is 5.0:1, The amount of catalyst was 3% and the dosage of inhibitor was 0.8%. Under the conditions, the esterification rate reached 97.9%. (2) with chloroplatanic acid as the catalyst, methyl terminated polyether, the homemade polyether ester (polyether polyether molar ratio is 1:1) and the hydrogenated hydrogenated silicon oil containing 0.08% hydrogen silicone oil, and a kind of polysiloxane heavy oil demulsifier was synthesized. The demulsifier was discussed. The optimum synthesis conditions are as follows: the reaction time is 8h, the reaction temperature is 95, the molar ratio of hydrogen bond to double bond is 1:1.20, and the amount of catalyst is 50 u g/g. Under this condition, the conversion of Si-H reaches 93.5%. through the surface tension test of the water solution of polysiloxane heavy oil demulsifier, and the critical micelle concentration is determined. 0.8g/L, the minimum surface tension is 27.035m N/m, and the surface tension decreases with the increase of the mole ratio of polyether ester and methyl terminated polyether. (3) the demulsification effect of polysiloxane heavy oil demulsifier to Chen Zhuang heavy oil emulsion is discussed. The optimum demulsification conditions are as follows: the dosage of demulsifier is 200mg/L, the demulsification temperature is 75, and the demulsification time is the time. For 2.5h, the molar ratio of polyether ester and polyether is 3:1. Under this condition, the dehydration rate is 83.5%. and four kinds of demulsifier, PFA8311, AE2010, PR4041 and SP169 are compared. The conclusion is that the polysiloxane heavy oil demulsifier has the advantages of high dehydration rate and fast dehydration rate, but it also shows that the oil and water interface is not very neat after dehydration, and the water quality is out of water. The shortcoming of yellowing. (4) the demulsification of the polysiloxane heavy oil demulsifier and AE2010, the best demulsification effect when the dosage of the homemade demulsifier is 120mg/L and the AE2010 dosage is 80mg/L, the demulsification temperature is 75, the demulsification time is 2h, the dehydration rate is 92.4%, and the oil and water interface is neat, and the water quality is clear.
【學位授予單位】：陜西科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE39

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