本文選題：油水混輸 + 蠟沉積��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：西江油田24-3平臺(tái)至23-1平臺(tái)海底管道輸送介質(zhì)為含水原油,原油中蠟含量為26.27%(m/m),管道將進(jìn)行置換介質(zhì)前的清管。管壁上若存在蠟沉積層,清管器在管道內(nèi)運(yùn)行過程中會(huì)受到蠟沉積的抗剪阻力,且清出的積蠟在管道前端會(huì)增加清管器的阻力,一旦清出的積蠟過多形成蠟塞,將會(huì)影響清管器的安全運(yùn)行。 因此為保證原油管道清管操作安全,對(duì)管道進(jìn)行沿程蠟沉積狀況分析、清管器運(yùn)行過程分析與清管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè),選擇適宜的清管器、制定科學(xué)完善的清管方案及應(yīng)急處置預(yù)案顯得至關(guān)重要,以便在故障發(fā)生時(shí)及時(shí)采取應(yīng)急處置措施,確保清管過程科學(xué)、安全、高效。針對(duì)這些問題,本論文展開了一系列研究,主要工作如下： (1)通過該管道的設(shè)計(jì)資料、運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)資料、歷史檢測(cè)報(bào)告等資料整理出該管道的材料、路由、輸送介質(zhì)、傳熱系數(shù)、內(nèi)壁粗糙度、環(huán)境溫度、管道附件、檢測(cè)記錄等數(shù)據(jù),為后續(xù)的管道沿程蠟沉積狀況研究工作、清管器運(yùn)行過程分析工作及清管預(yù)案制定工作提供可靠的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)支撐。 (2)在管道沿程蠟沉積狀況研究中,本論文首先采用“活化能法”確定油品的析蠟點(diǎn),判斷該管道有蠟沉積趨勢(shì),隨后計(jì)算管道沿程蠟沉積厚度。在蠟沉積厚度的計(jì)算中,綜合考慮各種蠟沉積模型,選擇“黃啟玉模型”進(jìn)行管道沿程蠟沉積速率的計(jì)算。經(jīng)過理論計(jì)算得出,管道內(nèi)從距離起點(diǎn)8km處開始有蠟沉積層,且隨著與起點(diǎn)的距離越大,蠟沉積厚度先增加,在距離起點(diǎn)19km后蠟沉積層開始減薄。 (3)在清管器運(yùn)行過程分析中,本論文首先根據(jù)該管道的情況從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)能提供的幾種清管器中選擇了適合于該管道的清管器。由于該管道的此次清管作業(yè)是通過水推動(dòng)清管器的方式進(jìn)行清管,且清管器前端流體為含積蠟的液固相混合物。因此本論文根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究成果及該管道沿程蠟沉積狀況研究的結(jié)果,對(duì)原油清管模型進(jìn)行修正,建立出適合于該管道情況的清管模型,對(duì)已選出的清管器在不同推動(dòng)流體流量下進(jìn)行清管模擬計(jì)算。得到在不同推動(dòng)流體流量下,不同清管器的運(yùn)行速度以及沿程壓力的變化規(guī)律,為之后的清管預(yù)案的制定工作提供可靠數(shù)據(jù)。 (4)在清管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析過程中,鑒于該清管是在停輸后進(jìn)行清管,停輸后油品溫度不斷下降,一旦溫度降至凝固點(diǎn)(39℃時(shí))以下,原油開始凝固,加大清管器卡堵的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本論文除了分析清管過程中的卡球風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、壓力過高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),還對(duì)原油凝結(jié)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行了分析。通過對(duì)不同清管器進(jìn)行清管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析,最終選擇直板清管器c在推動(dòng)流體流量不超過6000m3/d的情況下進(jìn)行清管作業(yè),并建議在停輸后97.22小時(shí)內(nèi)完成整個(gè)清管作業(yè),然后制定收發(fā)球作業(yè)程序及清管應(yīng)急處置程序,為該管道的清管作業(yè)提供理論分析,最大程度保證清管作業(yè)的安全有效。
[Abstract]:The pipeline transport medium from platform 24-3 to platform 23-1 in Xijiang Oilfield is water-cut crude oil with a wax content of 26.27% (m / m). If there is a wax deposit layer on the pipe wall, the pipe cleaner will be subjected to the shear resistance of wax deposition during the operation of the pipe, and the wax deposited out will increase the resistance of the pipe cleaner at the front end of the pipe. Once the wax deposit is excessive, the wax plug will be formed. Will affect the safe operation of the pipe cleaner. Therefore, in order to ensure the safe operation of crude oil pipeline cleaning, the wax deposition status along the pipeline is analyzed, the operation process of the pipe cleaner is analyzed and the risk of pipe cleaning is forecasted, and the appropriate pipe cleaner is selected. It is very important to establish a scientific and perfect pipe-clearing plan and emergency disposal plan in order to take emergency measures in time of failure and ensure the process of pigging is scientific, safe and efficient. In order to solve these problems, a series of researches have been carried out in this paper. The main work is as follows: (1) through the data of the pipeline design, operation data, history inspection report and so on, the material, route and transport medium of the pipeline are sorted out. Data such as heat transfer coefficient, inner wall roughness, ambient temperature, pipeline accessories, test records, etc., for the subsequent research work of wax deposition along the pipeline, The analysis of the operation process of the pipe-cleaner and the preparation of the pipe-clearing plan provide reliable basic data support. (2) in the study of the wax deposition along the pipeline, the "activation energy method" is first used to determine the waxing point of the oil. The wax deposition tendency of the pipeline is judged, and the thickness of wax deposition along the pipeline is calculated. In the calculation of wax deposition thickness, taking all kinds of wax deposition models into account, Huang Qi-yu model was chosen to calculate the wax deposition rate along the pipeline. The theoretical calculation shows that there is a wax deposit layer in the pipeline from the distance from the starting point 8km, and the wax deposit thickness increases with the distance from the starting point to the starting point. The wax deposit layer began to thinning after the starting point 19km. (3) in the analysis of the operation process of the pipe cleaner, according to the situation of the pipeline, the paper first selected a pipe cleaner suitable for the pipeline from several kinds of pipe-cleaner which can be provided in the field. Because the pipeline is piped by water to push the pipe-cleaner, and the fluid in the front of the pipe-cleaner is a waxy liquid-solid mixture. Therefore, according to the research results of domestic and foreign scholars and the research results of wax deposition along the pipeline, the model of crude oil pipeline cleaning is revised, and the model suitable for the pipeline condition is established. The pipe-cleaning simulation of the selected pipe-cleaner was carried out under different impelling fluid flow rates. The operating speed and pressure variation law of different pipe-cleaner under different propelling fluid flow are obtained, which provides reliable data for the later pipe-clearing plan. (4) in the process of risk analysis of pipe-clearing, In view of the fact that the pipe-clearing is carried out after stopping the transportation, the oil product temperature drops continuously after the shutdown. Once the temperature drops below the freezing point (39 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2108518