本文選題：體積壓裂 + 多裂縫　； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水平井體積壓裂技術(shù)是非常規(guī)頁巖儲(chǔ)層開采的重要改造措施,采用分段多簇射孔多段同時(shí)壓裂工藝,先存裂縫會(huì)產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力陰影效應(yīng),對(duì)后續(xù)裂縫的起裂與擴(kuò)展造成影響,深入研究應(yīng)力陰影效應(yīng)的作用機(jī)制,對(duì)有效降低起裂壓力,控制裂縫走向,提高體積壓裂效率具有重要的意義。本文采用ABAQUS有限元仿真平臺(tái),考慮巖體的流固耦合效應(yīng),壓裂時(shí)的瞬態(tài)效應(yīng),建立多裂縫起裂與擴(kuò)展的力學(xué)模型及有限元模型。采用粘結(jié)單元技術(shù)模擬先存裂縫,給出應(yīng)力陰影的分布規(guī)律,依據(jù)最大周向拉應(yīng)力準(zhǔn)則,計(jì)算應(yīng)力陰影下后續(xù)裂縫的起裂壓力及變化規(guī)律,并對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)井進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證計(jì)算,數(shù)值分析與測(cè)試誤差為5.2%,驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬的可行性,在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了地應(yīng)力類型、初始地應(yīng)力差、到裂縫距離、排量、縫高、彈性模量以及泊松比對(duì)多裂縫起裂壓力的影響規(guī)律,計(jì)算結(jié)果表明:應(yīng)力陰影效應(yīng)下,正斷層水平井多裂縫起裂壓力受初始地應(yīng)力差、排量、縫高、彈性模量以及泊松比的影響而增大。逆斷層水平井多裂縫起裂壓力受排量、彈性模量以及泊松比的影響而增大,隨初始地應(yīng)力差的增大呈減小趨勢(shì),當(dāng)初始地應(yīng)力差大于4.8MPa時(shí),應(yīng)力陰影可以促進(jìn)起裂。采用三維擴(kuò)展有限元技術(shù),建立水平井多裂縫延伸的擴(kuò)展有限元模型,在射孔眼處不斷注入壓裂液,并對(duì)多裂縫的擴(kuò)展形態(tài)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)追蹤,得到水平井多裂縫條件下多裂縫相互影響和擴(kuò)展形態(tài)。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明:多裂縫擴(kuò)展形態(tài)受裂縫距離、初始地應(yīng)力差、排量影響較大,受彈性模量影響較小,多裂縫擴(kuò)展呈現(xiàn)相互排斥的現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)水平地應(yīng)力差相差不大時(shí),可以激活新的裂縫。上述研究成果為應(yīng)力陰影效應(yīng)在致密或非常規(guī)儲(chǔ)層中的應(yīng)用提供了理論依據(jù),對(duì)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The horizontal well volume fracturing technique is an important transformation measure of the unconventional shale reservoir mining, using the multi section multi cluster perforation and multi section fracturing technology, the stress shadow effect will be produced by the crack first, which will affect the crack initiation and expansion of the subsequent cracks, and the mechanism of the stress shadow effect is deeply studied, and the cracking pressure is effectively reduced and the crack control is controlled. In this paper, the ABAQUS finite element simulation platform is adopted to consider the fluid solid coupling effect of the rock mass and the transient effect of the rock mass, the mechanics model and the finite element model of the multiple crack initiation and expansion are established. The distribution law of stress shadow is given by using the bonding element technique to simulate the distribution of the stress shadow. According to the maximum circumferential tensile stress criterion, the cracking pressure and change law of the subsequent cracks under stress shadow are calculated, and the field well is verified and calculated. The numerical analysis and test error are 5.2%, which verifies the feasibility of the numerical simulation. On this basis, the stress type, the initial stress difference, the crack distance, the displacement, the seam height, the elastic modulus are analyzed. The results show that under the effect of stress shadow, the pressure of multiple cracks in the horizontal well of the normal fault is affected by the initial stress difference, the displacement, the height, the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson's ratio. The pressure of multiple cracks in the horizontal well of the reverse fault is affected by the displacement, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. The influence increases with the increase of the initial stress difference. When the initial stress difference is more than 4.8MPa, the stress shadow can promote the cracking. The extended finite element model of multi crack extension in horizontal well is established by using the three-dimensional extended finite element technique, and the fracturing fluid is constantly injected into the perforation eye, and the expansion form of multiple cracks is dynamic. The results of numerical simulation show that the expansion morphology of multiple cracks is affected by the distance of the cracks, the initial ground stress is poor, the displacement is greatly influenced, the modulus of elasticity is less affected and the multiple crack propagation is mutually exclusive, and it can be activated when the difference of the horizontal stress difference is not large The above research results provide a theoretical basis for the application of stress shadow effect in dense or unconventional reservoirs, and has a certain guiding significance for practical production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.1

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