本文選題：柴油機(jī) + 壓裂泵車�。� 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：采用大馬力柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壓裂泵車在工作過(guò)程中,存在曲軸過(guò)早的扭轉(zhuǎn)斷裂失效以及發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后置齒輪室齒輪噪聲加劇等問(wèn)題,其中傳動(dòng)軸系存在比較大的扭振是關(guān)鍵因素之一。目前針對(duì)大功率壓裂泵車軸系整個(gè)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行的扭振分析研究比較少,且工作大多集中在內(nèi)燃機(jī)本身的激勵(lì)上,內(nèi)燃機(jī)的負(fù)載一般均被當(dāng)作大慣量來(lái)處理。而壓裂泵車在實(shí)際工作情況下非常復(fù)雜,激勵(lì)來(lái)源除了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本身激勵(lì)外,還有負(fù)載的柱塞泵等產(chǎn)生的復(fù)雜激勵(lì)。柱塞泵的工作情況比較復(fù)雜,壓裂液的瞬時(shí)流量不穩(wěn)定,流量存在脈動(dòng),其產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)態(tài)激勵(lì)也是扭振的激勵(lì)源之一。本文基于一款搭載康明斯QSK60大馬力發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的壓裂泵車為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的扭振測(cè)試,建立了壓裂泵車傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)扭振仿真當(dāng)量模型并進(jìn)行了仿真分析。采用理論與試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的分析方法,分析了扭振產(chǎn)生的原因、扭振對(duì)泵車系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)的影響,并提出了針對(duì)性解決方案。壓裂泵車在油田現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的惡劣環(huán)境下,扭振激勵(lì)來(lái)源比較復(fù)雜。結(jié)果表明,扭振激勵(lì)來(lái)源除了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本身激勵(lì)外,還有三缸柱塞泵等部件產(chǎn)生的脈動(dòng)激勵(lì)。對(duì)扭振的控制需要綜合考慮發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本身激勵(lì)和柱塞泵的激勵(lì),正確處理內(nèi)燃機(jī)及柱塞泵等的復(fù)雜激勵(lì)力矩成為扭振分析的很重要因素。本文還對(duì)柱塞泵的激勵(lì)原理進(jìn)行了研究,分析了柱塞泵缸數(shù)和壓裂液流量脈動(dòng)的關(guān)系,這為柱塞泵的選型設(shè)計(jì)提供了很重要的參考意義。最后分析了壓裂液脈動(dòng)阻尼器以及曲軸扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器的原理,對(duì)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中可能采取的消減扭振措施進(jìn)行了介紹,為壓裂泵車扭振優(yōu)化提供參考。
[Abstract]:In the working process of fracturing pump car with high horsepower diesel engine, there are some problems such as premature torsional fracture failure of crankshaft and increased noise of engine rear gear chamber gear, among which the relatively large torsional vibration of transmission shaft system is one of the key factors. At present, the research on torsional vibration analysis of the whole shafting system of high-power fracturing pump is relatively few, and most of the work is concentrated on the excitation of internal combustion engine itself, and the load of internal combustion engine is generally treated as a large inertia. The fracturing pump vehicle is very complex in actual work. Besides the engine itself, the source of the excitation is the complex excitation caused by the load piston pump and so on. The working condition of piston pump is quite complex, the instantaneous flow rate of fracturing fluid is unstable and the flow rate is pulsating, the dynamic excitation produced by the pump is also one of the exciting sources of torsional vibration. Based on a fracturing pump with Cummins QSK60 engine as the research object, the torsional vibration test is carried out in detail, the equivalent model of torsional vibration of the driving system of the fracturing pump is established and the simulation analysis is carried out. In this paper, the reason of torsional vibration and the effect of torsional vibration on the response of pump car system are analyzed by using the analytical method of combining theory and experiment, and the corresponding solutions are put forward. The source of torsional vibration excitation of fracturing pump truck is complex in the harsh environment of oil field. The results show that the torsional vibration is not only from the engine itself, but also from the pulsation of three cylinder piston pump and other components. To control torsional vibration, it is necessary to consider the excitation of engine itself and piston pump. It is very important to correctly deal with the complex excitation torque of internal combustion engine and piston pump. In this paper, the principle of piston pump is studied, and the relationship between the number of piston pump cylinder and the flow pulsation of fracturing fluid is analyzed, which provides a very important reference for the design of piston pump type selection. Finally, the principle of the pulse damper of fracturing fluid and the torsional vibration absorber of crankshaft are analyzed, and the possible measures to reduce torsional vibration in practical application are introduced, which provides a reference for the optimization of torsional vibration of fracturing pump.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE934.2

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