發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-22 21:10

  本文選題：異形單牙輪鉆頭 + 牙齒載荷��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：異形單牙輪鉆頭是一種新形單牙輪鉆頭,其設(shè)計(jì)目的是為了克服球形單牙輪鉆頭在硬地層和高研磨性地層中牙齒先期磨損嚴(yán)重的缺陷。目前該類鉆頭仍處于研發(fā)中,還存在很多研究空白,其中牙齒載荷是鉆頭設(shè)計(jì)者和使用者最關(guān)心的問題之一。 依托國家科技重大專項(xiàng)“低滲氣藏復(fù)雜地層高效鉆井關(guān)鍵技術(shù)”下的聯(lián)合研究任務(wù)“深部難鉆地層高效破巖新技術(shù)研究”,本文采用有限元數(shù)值模擬與臺架測試,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)對該形單牙輪鉆頭展開破巖基礎(chǔ)理論研究,包括井底模式、破巖機(jī)理、各齒圈牙齒載荷大小和分布規(guī)律,以及鉆頭牙齒失效機(jī)理等。具體工作內(nèi)容及主要結(jié)論如下： (1)以西南石油大學(xué)申請的發(fā)明專利“一種錐形單牙輪鉆頭”為原型,采用三維建模軟件Pro/E設(shè)計(jì)了兩只不同牙輪形狀的異形單牙輪鉆頭； (2)在實(shí)驗(yàn)臺架上對兩只鉆頭在不同鉆壓、不同巖石條件下鉆進(jìn)時(shí)的牙齒載荷進(jìn)行了物理測試； (3)采用顯式動力學(xué)有限元軟件LS-DYNA建立了兩只鉆頭與巖石的互作用有限元模型,對不同實(shí)驗(yàn)工況下的鉆頭鉆進(jìn)過程進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬； (4)在完成相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)處理的基礎(chǔ)上,對比分析了數(shù)值模擬與臺架測試得到的井底模式、鉆壓與鉆頭軸向力、牙齒載荷曲線形態(tài)以及載荷分布規(guī)律,驗(yàn)證了有限元法在鉆頭鉆進(jìn)過程模擬中的可靠性。分析結(jié)果表明：1)與球形單牙輪鉆頭主要以長距離刮削方式破巖不同的是,異形單牙輪鉆頭是依靠牙齒的沖擊壓入與剪切刮削兩種方式聯(lián)合作用破碎巖石,說明牙輪形狀會直接影響鉆頭的破巖方式；2)牙齒載荷的分布規(guī)律主要與鉆頭結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān),而與巖石性質(zhì)無關(guān)；3)牙齒載荷分布不均勻。牙輪大端牙齒比小端牙齒的載荷大,同時(shí)錐面過渡處附近牙齒的載荷也較大,需要對牙輪形狀和布齒方式進(jìn)行適當(dāng)優(yōu)化。 (5)完成了其中一只鉆頭的現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn),并對其進(jìn)行了磨損失效分析。同時(shí),以現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)為背景,對該鉆頭進(jìn)行有限元數(shù)值模擬,結(jié)果表明有限元分析結(jié)論與現(xiàn)場鉆頭的磨損分布規(guī)律一致,再次驗(yàn)證了有限元數(shù)值模擬的可靠性。 本文的研究成果有助于逐步完善異形單牙輪鉆頭破巖基礎(chǔ)理論,對鉆頭結(jié)構(gòu)和布齒設(shè)計(jì)具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義；同時(shí),文中采用的數(shù)值模擬方法同樣適用于三牙輪鉆頭、PDC鉆頭、復(fù)合鉆頭等所有類型的鉆頭,將該方法推廣到鉆頭產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)中可以有效縮短研發(fā)周期、降低成本。
[Abstract]:The special-shaped single cone bit is a new type of single cone bit, which is designed to overcome the serious defects of the spherical single cone bit in the early wear of the teeth in hard and high abrasive formations. At present, this kind of bit is still in the research and development, and there are still many research gaps, among which tooth load is one of the most concerned problems of bit designer and user. Relying on the joint research mission "New High efficiency Rock Breaking Technology in Deep hard drilling Stratum", which is the key technology of high efficiency drilling in complex formation of low permeability gas reservoir, the finite element numerical simulation and bench test are adopted in this paper. Combined with the field test, the basic theory of rock breaking of the single cone bit is studied, including the bottom hole model, rock breaking mechanism, tooth load size and distribution law of each gear ring, and the failure mechanism of the bit tooth, etc. The main work contents and main conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the invention patent "a kind of conical single cone bit" applied for by Southwest Petroleum University, Two special-shaped single cone bits with different cone shapes were designed by using the 3D modeling software Pro-E. (2) the tooth loads of two bits under different drilling pressures and different rock conditions were tested on the experimental bench. (3) using explicit dynamic finite element software LS-DYNA, the interaction finite element model between two bits and rock is established, and the drilling process of drill bit under different experimental conditions is simulated numerically. (4) on the basis of relevant data processing, the bottom hole model, drilling pressure and bit axial force, tooth load curve shape and load distribution law obtained by numerical simulation and bench test are compared and analyzed. The reliability of finite element method in bit drilling process simulation is verified. The analysis results show that the special shape single cone bit is different from spherical single cone bit in breaking rock by long distance scraping. The special shape single cone bit is broken rock by the combined action of tooth impact pressing and shearing scraping. It is shown that the shape of the cone will directly affect the rock breaking mode of the bit. 2) the distribution of the tooth load is mainly related to the structure of the bit, but not to the rock properties. 3) the distribution of the tooth load is not uniform. The load of teeth at the big end of the tooth is larger than that of the tooth at the small end, and the load on the tooth near the transition of the cone is also larger. It is necessary to optimize the shape of the tooth wheel and the method of tooth distribution. (5) the field test of one of the bits has been completed. Wear failure analysis was carried out. At the same time, based on the field test, the finite element numerical simulation of the bit is carried out. The results show that the conclusion of the finite element analysis is consistent with the field bit wear distribution, and the reliability of the finite element numerical simulation is verified again. The research results in this paper are helpful to perfect the basic theory of rock breaking of special-shaped single cone bit, and have certain guiding significance for bit structure and tooth arrangement design, meanwhile, the numerical simulation method used in this paper is also applicable to the PDC bit of three-cone bit. The application of this method to the design of drill products can effectively shorten the research and development cycle and reduce the cost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE921.1

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本文編號：2054238