本文選題：庫車山前 + 固井　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：井漏是一種鉆井中較為常見的井下復(fù)雜情況,井漏不僅會(huì)延長(zhǎng)鉆井周期,損失大量人力物力,造成儲(chǔ)層損害,而且井漏一旦控制不力,還可能會(huì)誘發(fā)井塌、井噴等重大事故。在固井下套管的過程中發(fā)生井漏,會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致固井作業(yè)不能正常進(jìn)行,嚴(yán)重影響固井質(zhì)量,給后期的開采埋下隱患。 下套管中的井漏主要發(fā)生在套管下放和下至井底后開泵循環(huán)過程中,論文從庫車山前區(qū)域地質(zhì)條件、常用井身結(jié)構(gòu)、常用鉆井液性能和固井下套管工藝等方面分析井漏的影響因素,發(fā)現(xiàn)目前庫車山前區(qū)域設(shè)計(jì)套管下放速度和循環(huán)排量(包括套管下放過程中和下至井底后的循環(huán))以等返速條件法為主,忽略了地層承壓能力、鉆井液性能和環(huán)空間隙的影響,由環(huán)空間隙和鉆井液性能的變化可能造成設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果與井下情況存在偏差,進(jìn)而引發(fā)井漏。 準(zhǔn)確獲取地層承壓能力值是防漏失設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ),目前常用的地層承壓能力預(yù)測(cè)模型方法在庫車山前區(qū)域并不適用,最準(zhǔn)確的獲取方法為地層承壓能力試驗(yàn),對(duì)于不能做地層承壓能力試驗(yàn)的井,提出采用摩阻判斷法；鉆井液的流變性能會(huì)影響鉆井液在流動(dòng)過程中產(chǎn)生激動(dòng)壓力的大小,室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了塑性粘度隨溫度變化的規(guī)律,并建立了預(yù)測(cè)模型；通井作業(yè)不充分導(dǎo)致井徑不規(guī)則也會(huì)使下套管的過程中產(chǎn)生額外的激動(dòng)壓力；在井漏影響因素分析的基礎(chǔ)上,以平衡井下激動(dòng)壓力與地層承壓能力的原則上建立了套管下放速度和循環(huán)排量的計(jì)算模型,模型中考慮了地層承壓能力、環(huán)空間隙的變化以及鉆井液的流變性能,并將塑性粘度由常規(guī)使用的某一定量替換為隨井深而變化的變量,使得計(jì)算結(jié)果更加接近井下情況。 論文基于研究成果結(jié)合庫車山前區(qū)域工況建立了一套主要包括通井、鉆井液流變性能要求和下套管速度與循環(huán)排量設(shè)計(jì)的下套管防漏失工藝技術(shù),并在庫車山前區(qū)域K1井進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用,該井在正常鉆進(jìn)過程中多次發(fā)生漏失,井底為易漏失點(diǎn),多次進(jìn)行堵漏后承壓能力仍然較低,若施工過程不當(dāng)極易發(fā)生井漏；整個(gè)施工過程順利,沒有發(fā)生漏失,準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)了漏失臨界循環(huán)排量,驗(yàn)證了該工藝技術(shù)具有一定的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Well leakage is a common downhole complex condition in drilling. Well leakage can not only prolong the drilling cycle, lose a lot of manpower and material resources, and cause reservoir damage, but also may induce serious accidents such as well collapse and blowout once the well leakage is not well controlled. During the process of downhole casing cementing, well leakage will lead directly to the failure of cementing operation, which will seriously affect the cementing quality and bury hidden trouble in the later stage of production. The well leakage in casing mainly occurs in the process of casing down and back pump circulation from bottom to bottom. From the geological conditions in front of Kuqa Mountain, the structure of well body is commonly used in this paper. Commonly used drilling fluid performance and downhole casing technology, etc., to analyze the factors affecting well leakage, It is found that the current design of casing down-flow velocity and circulation discharge (including the circulation from down-hole to bottom hole) in Kuqa Piedmont region is dominated by the method of equal return velocity condition, and the influence of formation pressure bearing capacity, drilling fluid performance and annulus clearance is neglected. The variation of annulus clearance and drilling fluid performance may cause the deviation between the design result and the downhole condition, and then lead to the well leakage. Accurate determination of bearing capacity is the basis of leakage prevention design. At present, the commonly used prediction model of formation bearing capacity is not applicable in Kuqa Piedmont area. The most accurate method is the formation bearing capacity test. For wells which can not be tested for bearing capacity of formation, the method of judging friction resistance is put forward, the rheological properties of drilling fluid will affect the magnitude of the exciting pressure produced by drilling fluid during the flow process, and the law of plastic viscosity varying with temperature is studied in laboratory. The prediction model is established, the irregular well diameter caused by inadequate well opening operation will also cause additional exciting pressure in the process of casing downhole, and on the basis of the analysis of the influencing factors of well leakage, Based on the principle of balancing downhole excited pressure with formation pressure bearing capacity, the calculation model of casing downhole velocity and circulation displacement is established. The formation pressure bearing capacity, the change of annulus clearance and the rheological properties of drilling fluid are considered in the model. The plastic viscosity is replaced by the variable with the depth of the well from a certain amount of the conventional viscosity, which makes the calculation result closer to the downhole condition. Based on the research results and the working conditions of Kuqa Piedmont region, a set of casing leakage prevention technology is established, which mainly includes the flow performance requirements of through wells, drilling fluid rheological properties and casing speed and circulation displacement design. The field application of K1 well in front of Kuqa mountain area has been carried out. The well has been lost many times during normal drilling, the bottom hole is easy to leak, and the pressure bearing capacity is still low after several times plugging leakage. If the operation process is not proper, the well leakage will occur easily. The whole construction process was smooth and no leakage occurred. The critical circulation discharge of leakage was accurately predicted, and it was verified that the technology had certain guiding significance on the spot.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE28

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