本文選題：煤層氣 + 多脈沖壓裂�。� 參考：《西安石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤層氣已成為世界上繼煤炭、石油及天然氣后新的接替能源之一,美國(guó)、加拿大等已實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)化的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用。我國(guó)的煤層氣資源總量居世界前列,合理的利用和開(kāi)發(fā)煤層氣資源對(duì)我國(guó)的能源發(fā)展具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。然而,由于我國(guó)煤儲(chǔ)層的“三低”特性及地層結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性,煤層氣的開(kāi)發(fā)工藝和技術(shù)還處于試驗(yàn)階段。目前,以水力壓裂為主的儲(chǔ)層改造工藝還不能完全滿(mǎn)足開(kāi)發(fā)需求,迫切需要新技術(shù)的探索與研究。為此,本論文開(kāi)展了煤層氣儲(chǔ)層多脈沖壓裂開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)理及工藝的研究。本論文基于高能氣體壓裂在煤層氣中的先導(dǎo)性試驗(yàn)以及對(duì)煤巖儲(chǔ)層分析,以山西沁水鄭莊區(qū)塊為研究對(duì)象,開(kāi)展了對(duì)煤層氣多脈沖壓裂裂縫長(zhǎng)度、壓裂藥的能量利用率、煤巖的巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)以及煤層氣儲(chǔ)層多脈沖壓裂的工藝研究。通過(guò)對(duì)多脈沖壓裂裂縫長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算模型的建立及分析得出,在合理的峰值壓力范圍內(nèi),總裝藥量越大,氣體能量作用于地層的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),裂縫長(zhǎng)度越長(zhǎng);通過(guò)對(duì)壓裂藥能量利用率計(jì)算模型的研究和分析得出,在淺層煤層氣中,采用全封閉式壓裂井口裝置以及多級(jí)裝藥結(jié)構(gòu),可以有效的減少壓擋液做功損失的能量,從而提高了壓裂藥的能量利用率,使地層產(chǎn)生更長(zhǎng)的多裂縫體系。根據(jù)煤巖橫波時(shí)差和縱波時(shí)差的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),用線(xiàn)性經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式法,待定系數(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式法,Critensen預(yù)測(cè)法建立了煤巖橫波時(shí)差模型,并用對(duì)比分析法和誤差分析法對(duì)橫波時(shí)差的模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)選。利用優(yōu)選的橫波時(shí)差模型,對(duì)煤巖的巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)公式進(jìn)行了修正,并通過(guò)水力壓裂法求取了煤巖的地應(yīng)力。以上的研究分析為煤層氣多脈沖壓裂選層及壓裂施工參數(shù)的確定奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本文以研究的煤層氣多脈沖壓裂機(jī)理為理論依據(jù),對(duì)多級(jí)控制裝置、延時(shí)點(diǎn)火控制裝置以及裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行了研究,設(shè)計(jì)出了煤層氣儲(chǔ)層全封閉式多脈沖壓裂工藝,并將此工藝應(yīng)用到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工中,對(duì)其效果進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。該技術(shù)為我國(guó)煤層氣的開(kāi)發(fā)提供了新的途徑。
[Abstract]:Coal bed methane (CBM) has become one of the new alternative energy sources after coal, oil and natural gas in the world. The United States, Canada and so on have realized commercial development and utilization. The total amount of coal bed methane (CBM) resources in China ranks first in the world. It is of great strategic significance to rationally utilize and develop CBM resources for the development of energy resources in China. However, because of the "three low" characteristics of coal reservoirs and the complexity of formation structure in China, the development process and technology of coalbed methane are still in the experimental stage. At present, the reservoir reconstruction technology based on hydraulic fracturing can not fully meet the development needs, and the exploration and research of new technology is urgently needed. Therefore, the development mechanism and technology of multi-pulse fracturing in coalbed methane reservoir are studied in this paper. Based on the pilot test of high-energy gas fracturing in coalbed methane and the analysis of coal-rock reservoir, the fracture length of multi-pulse fracturing of coalbed methane and the energy utilization rate of fracturing agent are carried out in this paper, taking Zhengzhuang block in Qinshui, Shanxi Province as the research object. Study on rock mechanics parameters of coal and rock and multi-pulse fracturing technology of coalbed methane reservoir. Through the establishment and analysis of the fracture length calculation model for multi-pulse fracturing, it is concluded that in the reasonable range of peak pressure, the larger the total charge, the longer the gas energy acting on the formation, and the longer the fracture length; Through the research and analysis of the calculation model of energy utilization rate of fracturing charge, it is concluded that in shallow coal bed methane, the energy loss of work loss can be effectively reduced by adopting a completely closed fracturing wellhead device and multistage charge structure. Thus, the energy utilization rate of fracturing agent is improved, and the formation has longer multi-fracture system. Based on the measured data of shear wave moveout and P-wave moveout of coal and rock, a coal rock S-wave moveout model is established by using linear empirical formula method and undetermined coefficient empirical formula method and Critensen prediction method. The model of S-wave time difference is optimized by contrast analysis and error analysis. Based on the optimized S-wave moveout model, the formula of rock mechanics parameters of coal and rock is modified, and the in-situ stress of coal and rock is obtained by hydraulic fracturing. The above research and analysis laid a foundation for the selection of coalbed methane multi-pulse fracturing and the determination of fracturing operation parameters. Based on the multi-pulse fracturing mechanism of coalbed methane studied in this paper, the multi-stage control device, delay ignition control device and charge structure are studied, and a completely closed multi-pulse fracturing technology for coalbed methane reservoir is designed. The process is applied to field construction and its effect is evaluated. This technology provides a new way for the development of coalbed methane in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE377

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