本文選題：采油廢水 + 2　； 參考：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,各國對石油的需求量逐年增加,石油開發(fā)過程中造成的水污染成為了目前亟待解決的環(huán)境問題。本文設計了以生物法為主化學法為輔的遼河油田采油廢水處理工藝,確定了各工藝段的水力停留時間,并針對廢水中的主要有機物2,4-二甲基苯酚和正十六烷研究了其生物降解特種菌的降解特性。本文針對遼河油田采油廢水高溫高鹽的水質(zhì)特點,設計了一級生物接觸氧化→臭氧預氧化→二級曝氣生物濾池→臭氧紫外聯(lián)用氧化的處理工藝,并對該工藝進行小試試驗。結果表明,當進水COD和含油量分別為309.4 mg/L和23.1 mg/L時,一級生物接觸氧化、臭氧預氧化段、二級曝氣生物濾池及臭氧紫外聯(lián)用氧化段的最佳水力停留時間分別為8 h、0.5 h、6 h和0.75 h,此時各段COD的去除率可分別達34.9%、47.3%、64.3%和87.9%,油類去除率可分別達40.7%、57.6%、74.0%、和88.3%,出水COD及含油量分別降至37.5 mg/L和2.7 mg/L,滿足《陸上石油天然氣開采工業(yè)污染物排放標準》和相應企業(yè)標準。利用GCMS對采油廢水有機組分的分析表明,廢水中有機物以2,4-二甲基苯酚和正十六烷為主。針對這兩種有機物進行特種菌篩選,得到以兩種有機物的混合物為唯一碳源菌株LH-1、以正十六烷為唯一碳源菌株LH-2及以2,4-二甲基苯酚為唯一碳源菌株LH-3,經(jīng)16sRNA鑒定,LH-1和LH-3菌株為假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas sp.),LH-2菌株為芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus sp.)。實驗研究了 LH-1、LH-2和LH-3的降解特性,利用單因子影響實驗確定了溫度、鹽度和底物濃度對菌株降解的影響。結果表明:培養(yǎng)96h,LH-1對2,4-二甲基苯酚的和正十六烷的降解率分別為32.4%和42.0%;LH-2對正十六烷的降解率為47.9%;LH-3對2,4-二甲基苯酚的降解率為23.6%。LH-1菌株的最適培養(yǎng)條件為溫度=40℃、鹽度=10 g/L、底物濃度=400 mg/L;LH-2菌株的最適培養(yǎng)條件為溫度=45℃、鹽度=5 g/L、底物濃度=600 mg/L;LH-3菌株最適培養(yǎng)條件為溫度=45℃、鹽度=5 g/L、底物濃度=200 mg/L。三株菌對高溫高鹽的環(huán)境均有較強的耐受性。對LH-1、LH-2和LH-3菌株在有機物降解過程所產(chǎn)生特征酶的活性檢測表明,LH-1和LH-3菌株在對應有機物的降解過程中均產(chǎn)生了鄰苯二酚2,3-雙加氧酶,故LH-1和LH-3通過間位開環(huán)過程降解芳香烴類有機物;LH-2中兩種酶都不含,不能降解芳香族物質(zhì)。本文設計并成功運行了采油廢水處理工藝,同時探討了采油廢水生化處理的微生物機理,可為采油廢水的提供技術支持及理論基礎。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy, the demand for oil has increased year by year. The water pollution caused by the process of oil development has become an urgent environmental problem. This paper designed the processing technology of the oil recovery wastewater in Liaohe Oilfield, supplemented by biological method as the main chemical method, and determined the hydraulic retention time of each process section, and aimed at the waste water. The main organic compounds, 2,4- two methyl phenol and positive sixteen alkane, have studied the degradation characteristics of their biodegradable special bacteria. In view of the characteristics of the high temperature and high salt water quality of the oil recovery wastewater in Liaohe Oilfield, the first grade biological contact oxidation, ozone preoxidation, two stage aerated biofilter and ozone ultraviolet combined oxidation process was designed. The results showed that when the influent COD and the oil content were 309.4 mg/L and 23.1 mg/L respectively, the best hydraulic retention time of the first grade biological contact oxidation, the ozone preoxidation section, the two stage aeration biological filter and the ozone ultraviolet combined oxidation section were 8 h, 0.5 h, 6 h and 0.75 h respectively. At this time, the removal rate of COD was 34.9%, 47. respectively. 3%, 64.3% and 87.9%, oil removal rates can be 40.7%, 57.6%, 74%, and 88.3% respectively. The effluent COD and oil content are reduced to 37.5 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L, respectively, to meet the emission standards of the land oil and natural gas mining industry and the corresponding enterprise standards. The analysis of organic components of the oil production wastewater by GCMS shows that the organic compounds in the waste water are 2,4- two methyl benzene. Phenolics and positive sixteen alkanes were the dominant species. The mixture of two organic compounds was selected as the only carbon source strain LH-1, LH-2 with sixteen alkane as the sole carbon source and 2,4- two methylphenol as the sole carbon source LH-3. The LH-1 and LH-3 strains were identified as Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas sp.), LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, LH-2, and LH-2. The strain was Bacillus sp.. The degradation characteristics of LH-1, LH-2 and LH-3 were studied. The effects of temperature, salinity and substrate concentration on the degradation of the strain were determined by single factor influence. The results showed that the degradation rate of 2,4- two methyl phenol and positive sixteen alkanes by LH-1 was 32.4% and 42% respectively, and LH-2 to sixteen alkanes, respectively. The degradation rate of LH-3 was 47.9%. The optimum conditions for the degradation rate of 2,4- two methyl phenol to 23.6%.LH-1 strain were temperature =40, =10 g/L, and substrate concentration =400 mg/L, and the optimum culture condition of LH-2 strain was temperature =45, salinity =5 g/L and substrate concentration. =200 mg/L. three strains have strong tolerance to high temperature and high salinity environment. The activity detection of LH-1, LH-2 and LH-3 strains in the degradation process of organic matter showed that LH-1 and LH-3 strains produced catechol 2,3- double oxygenase during the degradation process of the corresponding organic matter, so LH-1 and LH-3 were degraded through the interposition opening process. Aromatic hydrocarbon organic matter; two kinds of enzymes in LH-2 are not contained and can not degrade aromatic substances. This paper has designed and successfully operated the processing technology of oil recovery wastewater. At the same time, the microbial mechanism of the biochemical treatment of oil production wastewater was discussed, which could provide technical support and theoretical basis for the production of oil production wastewater.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X741;X172

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相關期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號：1966174