本文選題：輸氣管道 + 截?cái)嚅y　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：線路截?cái)嚅y作為管道運(yùn)行的安全保障設(shè)備,能確保天然氣發(fā)生泄漏和管道斷裂時(shí)自行關(guān)閉。截?cái)嚅y配備的氣液聯(lián)動(dòng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)是截?cái)嚅y實(shí)現(xiàn)自行關(guān)閉的關(guān)鍵,其工作原理為：當(dāng)管道破裂、泄漏時(shí),壓降速率會(huì)發(fā)生相應(yīng)變化,線路截?cái)嚅y執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)感測(cè)到壓降速率的變化后執(zhí)行相應(yīng)動(dòng)作。科學(xué)合理的壓降速率設(shè)定值對(duì)于截?cái)嚅y的正常工作有重要影響,設(shè)置過(guò)小或過(guò)大的壓降速率都不利于管道的安全。如果設(shè)置過(guò)大的壓降速率,則一旦在相鄰閥室中間出現(xiàn)斷管事故,線路截?cái)嚅y處感應(yīng)不到壓降速率變化,氣液聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)不能做出正確的響應(yīng),閥門(mén)不能關(guān)斷(不關(guān)),會(huì)造成事故擴(kuò)大,加劇經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和對(duì)環(huán)境的影響；如果設(shè)置的壓降速率過(guò)小,則當(dāng)管道壓力波動(dòng)時(shí),容易引起誤關(guān)斷(誤關(guān)),可能造成上游壓縮機(jī)的停運(yùn),同時(shí)對(duì)安全平穩(wěn)的供氣造成嚴(yán)重影響。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)自2007年至2011年,西氣東輸全線站場(chǎng)及閥室共發(fā)生約90次氣液聯(lián)動(dòng)閥關(guān)斷的情況,其中正常關(guān)斷約70次,誤關(guān)斷約20次。忠武輸氣管線自2006年至2007年,誤關(guān)斷16次。本文針對(duì)天然氣管線截?cái)嚅y誤動(dòng)作及不能及時(shí)響應(yīng)的原因及影響因素,截?cái)嚅y安全關(guān)斷壓降速率設(shè)定值的合理選取及依據(jù)進(jìn)行研究,以保障輸氣管道的安全、平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行�；诟邏狠敋夤艿酪舨ㄐ孤z測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置以及仿真軟件平臺(tái),完成的主要工作內(nèi)容如下：(1)分別在泄漏檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置10mm及42mm兩條管徑上完成輸氣管道泄漏位置、泄漏孔徑、管線壓力等級(jí)等因素對(duì)壓降速率及壓降梯度的影響規(guī)律分析；(2)采用仿真方法,對(duì)泄漏工況和分輸工況進(jìn)行了模擬研究,并分析得到了泄漏工況和分輸情況下不同工況壓降速率隨時(shí)間的變化情況,二者對(duì)比,得到較為理想的截?cái)嚅y關(guān)斷閾值；(3)通過(guò)仿真軟件分別進(jìn)行了壓降速率和壓降梯度隨各影響因素的敏感性分析；(4)對(duì)閾值取值進(jìn)行了算法擬合,得到了不同影響因素下的擬合公式；同時(shí)對(duì)壓降梯度閾值取值進(jìn)行了擬合,得到了相應(yīng)的擬合公式,輔助應(yīng)用于輸氣管道截?cái)嚅y安全關(guān)斷參數(shù)的設(shè)定。
[Abstract]:As a safety device for pipeline operation, line truncation valve can ensure natural gas leakage and pipeline breakage. The valve is equipped with a gas-liquid actuator, which is the key to the self-closing of the cut-off valve. Its working principle is that when the pipeline breaks and leaks, the pressure drop rate will change accordingly. The line truncation valve actuator detects the change of the pressure drop rate and performs the corresponding action. The scientific and reasonable pressure-drop rate has an important effect on the normal operation of the cut-off valve. Setting too small or too large a pressure drop rate is not conducive to the safety of the pipeline. If the pressure drop rate is set too large, once there is a pipe break accident in the middle of the adjacent valve chamber, the pressure drop rate will not be induced at the cut off valve, and the gas-liquid linkage mechanism will not be able to make the correct response. The valve cannot be closed (not closed, which will cause the accident to expand, aggravate the economic loss and the environmental impact; if the pressure drop rate is too small, when the pipe pressure fluctuates, It is easy to cause false shutdown, which may cause outage of upstream compressor and serious influence on safe and stable gas supply. According to statistics from 2007 to 2011, about 90 times of gas-liquid linkage valve shutoff occurred in the station yard and valve room of West-East Gas Transmission Line, including 70 normal shutoff and 20 wrong shutoff. From 2006 to 2007, Zhongwu gas pipeline was shut down 16 times by mistake. In this paper, in view of the causes and influencing factors of the maloperation of the truncation valve and the failure to respond in time, the reasonable selection and the basis of the pressure-drop rate of the cut off valve are studied in order to ensure the safety and smooth operation of the gas pipeline. Based on the acoustic wave leak detection experimental device and simulation software platform of high pressure gas transmission pipeline, the main work accomplished is as follows: 1) the leakage location and leak aperture of the gas transmission pipeline are completed on the two pipe diameters of 10mm and 42mm respectively. Analysis of the influence of pressure Grade on pressure drop rate and pressure gradient; A simulation method is used to simulate the leakage and distribution conditions. The variation of pressure drop rate with time under different conditions of leakage and transportation is analyzed and compared with each other. An ideal cut-off threshold of cut-off valve is obtained. The pressure drop rate and pressure gradient are analyzed with the sensitivity analysis of each factor by simulation software. (4) the algorithm fitting the threshold value is carried out, and the fitting formula under different influence factors is obtained. At the same time, the threshold value of the pressure gradient is fitted, and the corresponding fitting formula is obtained, which can be used to set the safe turn-off parameters of the cut off valve of the gas pipeline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE88

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本文編號(hào)：1965767