本文選題：萃取塔 + 內(nèi)構(gòu)件　； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：溶劑脫瀝青是重質(zhì)油加工過程中一種重要的預(yù)處理工藝,它以減壓渣油等重油為原料,通過溶劑作用把渣油中很難轉(zhuǎn)化的金屬和瀝青質(zhì)等物質(zhì)脫除出去,而把質(zhì)量較好的脫瀝青油作為催化加工原料。萃取塔是重質(zhì)油脫除瀝青工藝中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。在溶劑脫瀝青萃取塔中,塔內(nèi)放置不同構(gòu)件會對分離流場特性有一定影響,因此需要通過優(yōu)化內(nèi)部構(gòu)件的形式來提高萃取塔的分離效率。文中提出了一種新型的液-液兩相萃取塔內(nèi)構(gòu)件,采用計算流體力學(xué)(CFD)方法模擬萃取塔內(nèi)部的流體動力學(xué)行為,并著重考察了萃取塔的內(nèi)構(gòu)件對液液兩相的流動行為的影響。通過CFD模擬,得到了萃取塔及其內(nèi)構(gòu)件的很多的定量及定性數(shù)據(jù)。本文分別用了油和水、脫瀝青油和液態(tài)丙烷作為分離的兩相。通過兩相分布云圖和速度矢量圖,分析了整個萃取塔內(nèi)部以及其內(nèi)構(gòu)件區(qū)域的流體動力學(xué)行為,同時設(shè)置了多個單一變量,分別改變進(jìn)料流速、塔頂塔底的出口壓力及塔內(nèi)件的結(jié)構(gòu)等不同因素,分析不同條件的改變對萃取塔分離效率的影響。根據(jù)萃取塔內(nèi)部各區(qū)域的兩相分布及流動情況,可以看出萃取塔工作狀態(tài)良好；在萃取塔的內(nèi)構(gòu)件區(qū)域,根據(jù)同一層塔板和不同層塔板之間的兩相分布及流動情況,可以看出萃取塔的內(nèi)構(gòu)件有明顯的分離效果。在一定流速范圍內(nèi),塔底出口壓力越大,油的分離效率越高,水的分離效率越低；進(jìn)料流速越大,水相的分離效率越高,油相分離效率越低；出口壓力及進(jìn)料流速都有一個適當(dāng)?shù)姆秶?根據(jù)分離要求,可找到適當(dāng)?shù)某隹趬毫εc流速對應(yīng)。塔內(nèi)的構(gòu)件,保持其基本結(jié)構(gòu)不變,通過改變豎直擋板的高度和豎直擋板的縫隙高度,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)構(gòu)件的尺寸有適當(dāng)?shù)姆秶?過大或過小都不利于兩相分離。本工作是首次對這種新型萃取塔內(nèi)構(gòu)件進(jìn)行研究,為以后該萃取塔內(nèi)構(gòu)件的深入研究分析以及實驗甚至生產(chǎn)開發(fā)提供了很多定性、定量數(shù)據(jù)及操作經(jīng)驗,希望這種萃取塔內(nèi)構(gòu)件能有光明的前景。
[Abstract]:Solvent deasphalting is an important pretreatment process in heavy oil processing. It uses vacuum residuum and other heavy oils as raw materials to remove metals and asphaltenes from residuals that are difficult to transform through solvent action. The good quality deasphalting oil is used as the raw material for catalytic processing. The extraction tower is the key equipment in the heavy oil deasphalting process. In the solvent deasphalting extraction column, different components in the column will have a certain impact on the separation flow field characteristics, so it is necessary to improve the separation efficiency of the extraction tower by optimizing the internal component form. In this paper, a new liquid-liquid two-phase extraction column inner component is proposed. The fluid dynamics behavior in the extraction column is simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the influence of the inner component of the extraction column on the liquid-liquid two-phase flow behavior is emphatically investigated. A lot of quantitative and qualitative data of the extraction column and its internal components were obtained by CFD simulation. Oil and water, deasphalting oil and liquid propane were used as separation phases respectively. The hydrodynamic behaviors of the whole extraction column and its internal components are analyzed by using the two-phase distribution cloud diagram and velocity vector diagram. At the same time, a number of single variables are set to change the feed flow rate, respectively. Different factors such as the outlet pressure of the bottom of the tower and the structure of the inner parts of the tower were analyzed. The influence of different conditions on the separation efficiency of the extraction column was analyzed. According to the two-phase distribution and flow situation in each region of the extraction tower, it can be seen that the extraction column is in good working condition, and in the region of the inner component of the extraction tower, according to the two-phase distribution and the flow situation between the same layer tray and different layer tray, It can be seen that the internal components of the extraction column have obvious separation effect. In a certain flow rate range, the higher the outlet pressure, the higher the separation efficiency of oil and the lower the separation efficiency of water, the higher the feed flow rate, the higher the separation efficiency of water phase and the lower the separation efficiency of oil phase. The outlet pressure and the feed flow rate have a proper range. According to the separation requirements, the appropriate outlet pressure can be found corresponding to the flow rate. By changing the height of the vertical baffle and the height of the slot of the vertical baffle, it can be found that the dimensions of the inner members have an appropriate range, and too large or too small are not conducive to the separation of the two phases. This work is the first time to study the inner components of this new extraction tower, which provides a lot of qualitative, quantitative data and operation experience for the further research and analysis, experiment and even production development of the inner components of the extraction tower. It is hoped that there will be a bright future for the inner components of the extraction tower.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE962

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 沈本賢;我國溶劑脫瀝青工藝的主要技術(shù)進(jìn)展[J];煉油設(shè)計;2000年03期

2 駱廣生 ,李洪波 ,費(fèi)維揚(yáng) ,汪家鼎;A General Equation for Calculating the‘True’Height of Transfer Unit in Extraction Columns[J];Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering;1998年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 占驚春;基于SIMPLE算法的湍流場的計算機(jī)仿真[D];安徽大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號：1949891