本文選題：壓裂 + 裂縫壁面　； 參考：《成都理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當今的國內(nèi)各種油氣藏的開發(fā)過程中,許多低滲透儲層油氣井在完井過后一般無天然產(chǎn)能,所以必須經(jīng)過水力壓裂形成足夠長的人工裂縫,或是溝通天然裂縫才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)商業(yè)開發(fā)。裂縫的存在大大改善儲層的滲透能力,所以對裂縫的研究手段也愈發(fā)多種多樣。但由于裂縫的分布復雜、規(guī)律性差,又受到觀測、探測手段以及研究方法的限制,對裂縫的精細描述和預測,仍是一個尚未完全解決的難題。以往對裂縫性儲集層的應力敏感性研究多從探討裂縫導流能力隨應力的變化規(guī)律著手,但裂縫閉合與其表面的微觀形態(tài)也有著十分密切的關系。分析裂縫的微觀形態(tài)及其在各種應力下的變化規(guī)律有利于預測地層條件下的裂縫寬度和導流能力,從而為裂縫性油氣藏保護提供幫助。人工裂縫寬度的閉合量與裂縫表面的微觀形態(tài)有著十分密切的關系。本文通過分析研究前人對裂縫微觀形態(tài)數(shù)字化的方法,利用分形幾何學的方法結合傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)字化的裂縫研究手段,研究巖石裂縫面的接觸關系。首先,通過8組巖石在10MPa、20MPa、30MPa、40MPa四個不同閉合壓力條件下測試導流能力,并做出32幅巖石裂縫壁面間距圖;其次,是利用分形幾何學的基本特征推導出基本的數(shù)學模型,使用Matlab軟件編程求取分形維數(shù),利用分形維數(shù)對裂縫間距圖進行表征,分析分形維數(shù)與裂縫壁面的接觸關系;再次,是研究前人巖石裂縫在不同閉合壓力下的閉合規(guī)律以及巖石裂縫在不同閉合壓力條件下的導流能力預測模型,將分形幾何學方法融入到巖石裂縫在不同閉合壓力條件下的規(guī)律中去,推導出分形維數(shù)與吻合度的關系式和分形維數(shù)與裂縫開度的關系式,并利用這個關系式推導出不同閉合壓力條件下的導流能力預測模型。最后,總結分析導流能力實驗結果,對比模型計算的預測值和實驗得到的實測值,分析了誤差產(chǎn)生的原因。本文取得的主要研究認識與成果有:(1)分析總結前人數(shù)字化研究巖石裂縫壁面形態(tài)的常規(guī)手段的研究進展,結合分形幾何學手段,提出利用數(shù)字化方法求取分形維數(shù)來表征裂縫壁面的接觸關系,研究裂縫壁面接觸關系與導流能力的研究思路;(2)分析總結研究巖石裂縫形態(tài)方法的優(yōu)缺點以及分析研究常用的四種求取分形維數(shù)的模型公式,提出未來研究裂縫形態(tài)的發(fā)展趨勢;(3)引入最新型的三維形貌掃描儀獲得高精度的巖石裂縫壁面間距圖,使用Matlab程序編程獲得數(shù)字圖像計盒維數(shù)計算程序,求取分形維數(shù)。(4)利用分形維數(shù)的特點推導出巖石裂縫接觸部分面積與分形維數(shù)的關系表達式。利用分形維數(shù)表征巖石裂縫壁面間距圖,闡述分形維數(shù)與裂縫壁面接觸支撐部分的分布關系。(5)通過吻合度的概念和求取方法,推導出分形維數(shù)與導流能力的關系表達式和裂縫開度與分形維數(shù)的表達關系式。(6)根據(jù)前人的研究成果改進后建立新的關于分形維數(shù)的巖石裂縫閉合模型。(7)結合裂縫開度與分形維數(shù)的表達關系式與狹義立方定律,求解計算不同分形維數(shù)條件下的導流能力預測模型。本文宗旨在于通過分析裂縫的微觀形態(tài)及其在各種應力下分形維數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,有利于預測地層應力條件下的裂縫開度及其導流能力、裂縫相互支撐關系。引入分形幾何學的方法完善不同閉合壓力下導流能力模型,希望通過加入新的數(shù)學方法,能夠更加有效的研究巖石裂縫間距分布對導流能力的影響,豐富了壓裂工藝行業(yè)的基礎理論研究的手段方法。同時,這方面的分析也實用于對裂縫性油氣層的開采,做出更符合實際生產(chǎn)的動態(tài)預測,從而為裂縫性油氣藏的開發(fā)、管理提供有益的幫助。
[Abstract]:In the development of all kinds of oil and gas reservoirs in China today, many low permeability reservoirs have no natural productivity after completion, so they must be fractured by hydraulic fracturing to form long enough artificial cracks, or communicate natural cracks to achieve commercial development. There are also a variety of research methods. However, due to the complex distribution of the cracks, poor regularity, observation, detection and research methods, the fine description and prediction of cracks are still a difficult problem to be solved. In the past, the stress sensitivity study of fractured reservoir is mostly from the study of fracture conductivity with stress. The fracture closure is closely related to the microscopic morphology of the surface. The analysis of the microscopic morphology of the crack and its variation under various stresses is beneficial to the prediction of the crack width and the diversion ability under the formation conditions, thus providing help for the protection of fractured oil and gas reservoirs. It is closely related to the microscopic morphology of the crack surface. Through the analysis and study of the methods of digitizing the microscopic morphology of the fracture, this paper studies the contact relation of the rock fracture surface by means of fractal geometry and the traditional digital crack research means. First, 8 groups of rocks are in 10MPa, 20MPa, 30MPa, and 40MPa. Under the same closed pressure condition, we test the diversion capacity and make 32 wall spacing maps of rock cracks. Secondly, the basic mathematical models are derived from the basic features of fractal geometry. The fractal dimension is obtained by Matlab software programming, and fractal dimension is used to characterize the crack spacing map, and the contact relation between the fractal dimension and the crack wall is analyzed. Thirdly, it is to study the closed law of the rock cracks under the different closed pressure and the prediction model of the conductivity of the rock cracks under the different closed pressure conditions, and integrate the fractal geometry method into the law of the rock cracks under the different closed pressure conditions, and deduce the relation and fractal of the fractal dimension and the coincidence degree. The relationship between the dimension of the fractal dimension and the opening degree of the crack is used, and the prediction model of the diversion capacity under different closed pressure conditions is derived by this formula. Finally, the results of the conductivity experiment are summarized and analyzed. The causes of the error are analyzed by comparing the predicted values of the model and the measured values obtained by the experiment. The main research knowledge and results obtained in this paper are obtained. There are: (1) analysis and summary of previous research progress on the conventional means of digital research on the morphology of rock fissure wall, and combining fractal geometry to obtain fractal dimension to characterize the contact relationship of fracture wall, study the contact relationship and flow ability of fracture wall, and (2) analyze and study rock cracks. The advantages and disadvantages of the morphological method and the analysis and study of the four commonly used model formulas for obtaining fractal dimension, put forward the development trend of the future research on the fracture morphology. (3) introducing the latest three-dimensional topography scanner to obtain the high precision wall space map of the rock cracks, and using Matlab program programming to obtain the calculation program of the digital image box counting dimension. Fractal dimension. (4) using the characteristics of fractal dimension, the relation expression of the contact part area and fractal dimension of rock cracks is derived. The fractal dimension is used to characterize the wall space of the rock cracks, and the distribution relation between the fractal dimension and the contact support part of the fracture wall is expounded. (5) the fractal dimension is deduced through the concept and method of the anastomosis degree. Expression of relation expression with diversion capacity and expression of fracture opening and fractal dimension. (6) a new rock fracture closure model on fractal dimension is established on the basis of previous research results. (7) combining the expression of crack opening and fractal dimension and the narrow sense formula, solving the calculation of different fractal dimension conditions The aim of this paper is to analyze the microscopic morphology of the cracks and the variation of fractal dimensions under various stresses. It is beneficial to predict the opening degree and the conductivity of the cracks under the stress conditions and the mutual support relationship of the cracks. The fractal geometry method is introduced to improve the flow conductivity model under different closed pressure. It is hoped that by adding new mathematical methods, it can be more effective in studying the influence of the distribution of rock crack spacing to the diversion capacity, and enriches the method and method of the basic theory research in the fracturing technology industry. At the same time, the analysis of this aspect is also useful for the exploitation of fractured reservoir and makes the dynamic prediction more consistent with the actual production. The development and management of fractured reservoirs provide useful help.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.1

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 夏才初;肖維民;王偉;丁增志;;不同接觸狀態(tài)下節(jié)理三維組合形貌的計算方法[J];巖石力學與工程學報;2010年11期

2 易成;張亮;陳忠輝;謝和平;;一種新的描述粗糙表面形貌尺度分維參數(shù)R_d的研究[J];中國礦業(yè)大學學報;2007年01期

，

本文編號：1949075