本文選題：線狀工程 + 危險(xiǎn)度評(píng)價(jià)��； 參考：《中北大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：管道運(yùn)輸具有成本低、安全性高，尤其適合長(zhǎng)距離運(yùn)輸易燃易爆的石油、天然氣等產(chǎn)品。但是，作為一種線狀工程形式的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，油氣管道具有距離長(zhǎng)和跨度大的特點(diǎn)，沿線氣象和地質(zhì)災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有較大差異性，難以有效確定重點(diǎn)防控區(qū)域，任一管段發(fā)生事故則影響全線，損失巨大。以黃土高原地區(qū)的油氣管道為例，線路區(qū)土壤可蝕性高，水土流失嚴(yán)重，夏季短時(shí)強(qiáng)降雨可引起劇烈的地形變化，使地下埋設(shè)的管線發(fā)生暴露、位移等危害管道安全運(yùn)行的洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)事件。交叉河流洪水誘發(fā)的油氣管道失效風(fēng)險(xiǎn)一直以來(lái)都是油氣管道運(yùn)行安全管理的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，水工保護(hù)工程措施受到高度重視。但是，水工保護(hù)工程成本高，設(shè)防標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不明確，難以在長(zhǎng)輸管線全線施行。因此，急需簡(jiǎn)單有效的方法進(jìn)行洪水危險(xiǎn)度評(píng)價(jià)，確定高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管段，以進(jìn)行有效的重點(diǎn)防控。 線狀工程沿程穿跨河流，由于不同河流的匯水面積、地形、降雨、下墊面條件等因素可存在較大差異，不同工程段遭遇洪水的危險(xiǎn)程度不同，需要簡(jiǎn)單有效的方法進(jìn)行洪水危險(xiǎn)度評(píng)價(jià)。本文以陜京三線輸氣管道山西臨縣段為例，定量分析了每個(gè)管道穿河段的洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子，包括匯水區(qū)的面積、降雨、高差、形狀、土地利用、植被指數(shù)等因子，穿河點(diǎn)的縱向比降和橫向高差等因子。根據(jù)穿河管段的實(shí)際水毀記錄，，采用多元線性回歸模型，確定了各因子的權(quán)重，建立了洪水危險(xiǎn)度評(píng)估方法，并繪制了陜京三線山西臨縣段洪水危險(xiǎn)度分布圖。成果為管道運(yùn)行安全防護(hù)措施的制定和實(shí)施提供依據(jù)，方法可為類(lèi)似線狀工程的洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)提供參考。
[Abstract]:Pipeline transportation has low cost, high safety, especially suitable for long distance transportation of flammable and explosive oil, natural gas and other products. However, as a kind of linear engineering infrastructure, oil and gas pipeline has the characteristics of long distance and long span, and the risk of meteorological and geological disasters along the line is quite different, so it is difficult to determine the key prevention and control area effectively. An accident in any section of the pipe will affect the whole line and cause huge losses. Taking the oil and gas pipelines in the Loess Plateau as an example, the pipeline area has high soil erodibility, serious soil erosion and severe rainfall in summer, which can cause severe topographic changes and expose buried pipelines. Displacement and other flood risk events that endanger the safe operation of pipelines. The risk of oil and gas pipeline failure induced by cross river flood has always been a weak link in the safety management of oil and gas pipeline operation. The hydraulic protection engineering measures have been attached great importance to. However, the cost of hydraulic protection works is high, the standard of protection is not clear, and it is difficult to carry out long-distance pipeline line. Therefore, a simple and effective method is urgently needed to evaluate the flood risk and determine the high risk section in order to carry out effective key prevention and control. Due to the great differences in water catchment area, topography, rainfall and underlying surface conditions of different rivers, the risk degree of flood in different engineering sections is different. A simple and effective method is needed for flood risk assessment. In this paper, taking Shanxi Linxian section of Shaanjing third Line Gas Pipeline as an example, the flood risk factors of each pipeline passing through the river reach are quantitatively analyzed, including the area of catchment area, rainfall, height difference, shape, land use, vegetation index, and so on. Factors such as longitudinal ratio drop and transverse height difference at the crossing point. According to the actual water damage records of the river crossing section, the weight of each factor is determined by using the multivariate linear regression model, the flood risk assessment method is established, and the flood risk distribution map of Shanxi Linxian section of the third Shaanxi-Beijing Line is drawn. The results provide a basis for the formulation and implementation of safety protection measures for pipeline operation, and the method can be used as a reference for flood risk assessment of similar linear projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE973.4

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