發(fā)布時間：2018-05-20 17:22

  本文選題：海底輸油管道 + 泄漏檢測��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：海底輸油管道一旦發(fā)生泄漏溢油對海洋環(huán)境將產(chǎn)生十分嚴(yán)重的危害性,并且這種危害往往具有長期性。及時準(zhǔn)確的泄漏檢測方法和掌握水下溢油擴散規(guī)律能夠為管道泄漏后現(xiàn)場應(yīng)急策略制定提供必要的理論指導(dǎo)以及降低溢油對環(huán)境的損害程度。本文將在海底輸油管道泄漏檢測和水下溢油擴散兩方面問題展開研究。 針對海底輸油管道泄漏檢測問題,從流體動力學(xué)角度研究了管道泄漏的實質(zhì)；基于流體動力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)基本原理建立了泄漏檢測數(shù)學(xué)模型,探索了有效的求解方法。實現(xiàn)了海底輸油管道泄漏檢測、泄漏定位和泄漏量預(yù)測的目的。最后開發(fā)了相應(yīng)的海底輸油管道泄漏檢測軟件。 針對溢油在水下的擴散問題,分析了泄漏發(fā)生后溢油在水下擴散行為。將溢油擴散過程分為兩個階段。第一階段是泄漏發(fā)生后較短時間內(nèi),溢油以射流形式進入海水中,此時溢油擴散主要受初始動量控制；第二階段是溢油上升一定高度至到達(dá)水面,此時初始動量減弱,溢油受動量和海流等因素共同作用。建立相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,其中控制方程引入多相流VOF模型和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的k-ε湍流模型。采用有限體積法離散控制方程,PISO算法進行流場計算。最后基于FLUENT軟件對兩階段的溢油擴散行為進行模擬分析。 通過以上研究得到的主要結(jié)論如下： (1)泄漏檢測和定位方面：①確立了三種不同邊界條件下的泄漏檢測方法,通過傳統(tǒng)特征線法實現(xiàn)管道的泄漏檢測；②同時利用管道起終點的流量、壓力和溫度值基于改進后的特征線法,得到同一時刻兩條沿線的壓降曲線,兩條壓降曲線的交點即為管道泄漏點。 (2)泄漏量的計算方面：提出了閥門關(guān)斷后泄漏的殘油量計算方法,基于傳統(tǒng)的特征線法引入關(guān)斷的閥門邊界和泄漏邊界,再結(jié)合閥門關(guān)斷前泄漏量的求解信息進行計算；而閥門關(guān)斷前泄漏量是通過改進后的特征線法進行計算的。 (3)基于C#2010開發(fā)了海底輸油管道泄漏檢測軟件,算例分析結(jié)果所呈現(xiàn)的規(guī)律符合泄漏事實,驗證了模型和求解方法的正確性。 (4)模擬分析了溢油擴散第一階段射流速度和泄漏孔徑對溢油射流的影響：①隨著泄漏孔徑和射流速度增大,相同時間內(nèi)噴射的油柱更長；②隨泄漏孔徑越大,噴射油柱直徑越大；相同速度下油柱兩側(cè)由不出現(xiàn)卷流發(fā)展到有明顯的卷流,然而射流速度低于一定數(shù)值后射流油柱兩側(cè)不會形成卷流；③隨著泄漏孔徑的增大射流油柱上半段由不出現(xiàn)頸縮段發(fā)展到有明顯的頸縮段。 (5)模擬分析了溢油擴散第二階段泄漏速度、泄漏孔徑和海流速度對海底輸油管道溢油擴散的影響：①油粒子數(shù)量越大水下污染范圍越廣,較大的海流速度、較小的泄漏孔徑和較小的泄漏速度有利于水下油粒子的成長；②泄漏速度越大,溢油上浮到達(dá)海面的時間越短,水下污染程度越嚴(yán)重,泄漏速度越小在水下形成的油粒子數(shù)量越多,污染范圍越廣；③泄漏孔徑越大,溢油上浮到達(dá)海面的時間越短,泄漏孔徑越小形成的油粒子數(shù)量越多,水下污染范圍越廣；④海流速度越大,溢油上浮時間越長,水下污染范圍越廣,并且海流因素是影響水下溢油擴散范圍的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Once the oil pipeline is leaked, the oil spill will be seriously harmful to the marine environment, and the damage is often long-term. The timely and accurate leakage detection method and the control of the rule of the underwater oil spill can provide the necessary theoretical guidance for the emergency strategy formulation after the leakage of the pipeline and reduce the oil spill to the environment. The damage degree will be studied in the following two aspects: leak detection and submarine oil spill diffusion.
In view of the leakage detection of submarine oil pipeline, the essence of pipeline leakage is studied from the hydrodynamic point of view. Based on the basic principle of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, a mathematical model of leakage detection is established, and an effective solution is explored. The purpose of leakage detection, leakage location and leakage prediction is realized. The corresponding leak detection software for seabed oil pipeline has been issued.
In view of the diffusion of spilled oil under water, the diffusion behavior of spilled oil after leakage is analyzed. The process of spilled oil diffusion is divided into two stages. The first stage is a short time after the leakage occurs, the spilled oil enters the sea water in the form of jet, at this time the diffusion of spilled oil is mainly controlled by the initial movement, and the second stage is a certain height of the oil spilled up. To reach the water surface, the initial momentum is weakened, the oil spilled by the momentum and the current and other factors together. A corresponding mathematical model is established, in which the control equations are introduced into the multiphase flow VOF model and the standardized k- e turbulence model. The finite volume method is used for discrete control equations and the PISO algorithm is used to calculate the flow field. Finally, the two stage is based on the FLUENT software. The behavior of spilled oil diffusion is simulated and analyzed.
The main conclusions obtained through the above study are as follows:
(1) leakage detection and location: (1) the leakage detection method under three different boundary conditions is established, and the leakage detection of the pipeline is realized through the traditional characteristic line method; secondly, the flow, pressure and temperature value of the end end of the pipeline are based on the improved characteristic line method, and the pressure drop curve and the two pressure drop curve along the two lines at the same time are obtained. The intersection point of the line is the leak point of the pipe.
(2) the calculation of leakage amount: the calculation method of the residual oil amount of the leakage after the valve closing is put forward. Based on the traditional characteristic line method, the closed valve boundary and the leakage boundary are introduced, and the calculation of the leakage amount before the valve closing is combined, and the leakage amount before the valve closing is calculated by the improved characteristic line method.
(3) the leak detection software of the submarine oil pipeline is developed based on C#2010. The law of the example analysis results in the leakage fact, and verifies the correctness of the model and the solution method.
(4) the effects of the first phase of the spilled oil diffusion and the leakage aperture on the spilled jet are simulated and analyzed. (1) with the increase of the leakage aperture and the jet velocity, the oil column is longer in the same time, and the larger the diameter of the leakage hole, the larger the diameter of the injection oil column, and the flow of the oil column will not appear on the sides of the oil column to the obvious volume at the same speed. Flow, however, when the jet velocity is lower than a certain value, no coiling is formed on both sides of the jet oil column. 3. With the increase of the leakage aperture, the upper part of the jet oil column develops from the necking section to the obvious necking section.
(5) the influence of the leakage velocity of the second stage of spilled oil diffusion, the leakage aperture and the velocity of the sea current on the spilled oil diffusion in the submarine oil pipeline: (1) the larger the number of oil particles is, the wider the underwater pollution range is, the larger the velocity of the sea current, the smaller leakage aperture and the smaller leakage speed are beneficial to the growth of the underwater oil particles; the more leakage speed is, the more leakage speed is. The shorter the time of the oil spill to the sea, the more serious the underwater pollution is, the less the leakage speed is, the more the amount of oil particles formed under the water, the wider the pollution range; the longer the pore size is, the shorter the time for the spill to float to the sea surface, the smaller the amount of oil particles formed by the smaller pore diameter, the wider the underwater pollution range; (4) the ocean current The greater the speed, the longer the floatation time of oil spills and the wider the scope of underwater pollution. And the current factor is the main factor affecting the spread of underwater oil spills.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE88

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本文編號：1915555