本文選題：儲罐 + 冷損失��； 參考：《西安石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：液化天然氣(LNG)技術(shù)使得天然氣得以液態(tài)形式存在,不僅方便了天然氣的運(yùn)輸和儲存,而且有力的促進(jìn)的天然氣貿(mào)易,推動了天然氣應(yīng)用的發(fā)展。近幾十年來液化天然氣工業(yè)已經(jīng)成為一門新興工業(yè),得到了迅猛發(fā)展。LNG應(yīng)用技術(shù)除了用來解決天然氣儲存運(yùn)輸問題外,還廣泛應(yīng)用于供氣調(diào)峰、交通運(yùn)輸和冷能利用等方面。LNG儲罐是LNG工業(yè)鏈中的一種單元設(shè)備,但是由于它不僅是鏈接上游生產(chǎn)和下游用戶的重要設(shè)備,而且儲罐對于液化工廠或接收站來說,占有很高的投資比例,因而世界各國都非常重視LNG儲罐的設(shè)計(jì)和建造。論文在詳細(xì)分析LNG各項(xiàng)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)各類材料的價(jià)格以及其低溫特性經(jīng)過綜合比較,以及借鑒國內(nèi)最新的小型不銹鋼LNG儲罐內(nèi)罐設(shè)計(jì)選擇了國內(nèi)自主生產(chǎn)的牌號為0Cr18Ni9的不銹鋼。在實(shí)現(xiàn)能夠保證儲罐各項(xiàng)力學(xué)性能穩(wěn)定和安全的前提下,利用國內(nèi)自主生產(chǎn)的材料可以減少一定成本,使該儲罐的成本大大降低,而且又為買方提供了更大的利潤空間。由于外罐沒有直接與液化天然氣接觸,不承受低溫,在常溫和真空條件下工作,承受著外壓,所以可以選用綜合性能較好的Q345R。在本次設(shè)計(jì)中,LNG儲罐的絕熱采用真空粉末絕熱,內(nèi)罐的支撐采用底部支撐加橫向定位支撐的結(jié)構(gòu),支撐結(jié)構(gòu)采用加玻璃鋼柱的方式來減少漏熱,內(nèi)容器的補(bǔ)強(qiáng)采用厚壁接管補(bǔ)強(qiáng),外容器的補(bǔ)強(qiáng)采用整體補(bǔ)強(qiáng)。整個(gè)儲罐無需另行設(shè)計(jì)補(bǔ)強(qiáng)圈補(bǔ)強(qiáng)。為了使內(nèi)罐在進(jìn)行氦檢漏時(shí)不會發(fā)生失穩(wěn)失效,在內(nèi)容器上每300mm設(shè)置一個(gè)加強(qiáng)圈。內(nèi)容器外壓校核證明這種方法能在不增加容器壁厚的情況下,有效的保證容器的安全。LNG儲罐的管道集中布置在罐體的一端,且在夾層中的管道設(shè)計(jì)成S形,以達(dá)到優(yōu)化管路設(shè)計(jì)的目的。總而言之,在對儲罐的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及理論分析后計(jì)算,該LNG儲罐內(nèi)罐符合設(shè)計(jì)要求且保證了強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性。在能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)保證儲罐各項(xiàng)力學(xué)性能穩(wěn)定和安全的前提下,選擇適合本次設(shè)計(jì)LNG儲罐最有利的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和材料不僅保證了儲罐的安全性還實(shí)現(xiàn)了其經(jīng)濟(jì)性。
[Abstract]:Liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology allows the existence of natural gas in liquid form, which not only facilitates the transportation and storage of natural gas, but also promotes the trade of natural gas and promotes the development of natural gas application. In recent decades, liquefied natural gas industry has become a new industry, with rapid development. LNG application technology has been used to solve the problem of storage and transportation of natural gas, but also widely used in peak-shaving of gas supply. Transportation and cold energy utilization. LNG storage tank is a unit equipment in LNG industrial chain, but because it is not only an important equipment to link upstream production and downstream users, but also storage tank for liquefaction plant or receiving station. Because of the high proportion of investment, many countries all over the world attach great importance to the design and construction of LNG tanks. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characteristics of LNG, the paper compares the price of various materials and their low temperature characteristics. The domestic stainless steel brand of 0Cr18Ni9 is selected for reference in the design of the latest small stainless steel LNG tank in China. On the premise of ensuring the stability and safety of the mechanical properties of the storage tank, the cost of the tank can be reduced by using the domestic self-produced materials, and the cost of the storage tank can be greatly reduced, and the profit space for the buyer can also be provided. Since the outer tank has no direct contact with LNG, does not bear low temperature, works under normal and vacuum conditions, and is under external pressure, Q345R with better comprehensive performance can be selected. In this design, the heat insulation of LNG storage tank is vacuum powder adiabatic, the support of inner tank adopts the structure of bottom support and lateral position support, and the support structure adopts the way of adding glass fiber reinforced plastic column to reduce heat leakage. The inner packagings are reinforced by thick wall pipes and the outer containers by integral reinforcement. There is no need to design reinforcement ring for the whole tank. In order to avoid the instability failure of the inner tank during helium leak detection, a reinforcement ring is provided for each 300mm in the inner container. The external pressure check of the inner vessel proves that this method can effectively ensure the safety of the vessel without increasing the wall thickness of the container. The pipeline of the LNG storage tank is centrally arranged at one end of the tank, and the pipe in the interlayer is designed to be S-shaped. In order to achieve the purpose of optimizing pipe design. In a word, after the structural design and theoretical analysis of the LNG tank, it is found that the inner tank of the LNG tank meets the design requirements and ensures the strength and stability of the tank. On the premise of ensuring the stability and safety of the mechanical properties of the storage tank, the most favorable structural form and material suitable for the design of the LNG storage tank are chosen, which not only ensures the security of the storage tank but also realizes its economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE972

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本文編號：1883999