本文選題：結(jié)蠟 + 停輸溫降�。� 參考：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文建立了埋地?zé)嵊凸艿篮薪Y(jié)蠟層時停輸再啟動過程的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并采用有限差分法、有限元法和雙特征線法對數(shù)學(xué)模型進行求解,通過編寫程序來模擬管道結(jié)蠟和停輸再啟動過程,并對程序的準(zhǔn)確性進行了驗證。以中洛線為例,詳細分析了管道結(jié)蠟對停輸溫降、再啟動壓力以及安全停輸時間的影響。管道結(jié)蠟使得正常運行時管內(nèi)油溫升高,但周圍土壤溫度場降低,停輸階段溫降速率增大,不利于管道的順利再啟動。一定停輸時間范圍內(nèi),對比分析管道結(jié)蠟與管道無結(jié)蠟時的沿線油溫分布發(fā)現(xiàn)二者存在虛擬交叉點。正常運行時的出站溫度相同條件下,出站處至虛擬交叉點管段上管道結(jié)蠟時的沿線油溫低于管道無結(jié)蠟時,虛擬交叉點至進站處管段上管道結(jié)蠟時的沿線油溫高于管道無結(jié)蠟時。隨著停輸時間的延長,沿管道輸送方向的不同位置依次出現(xiàn)虛擬交叉點;當(dāng)停輸時間超過管道進站處出現(xiàn)虛擬交叉點的時間后,整條管線上管道結(jié)蠟時的沿線油溫均低于管道無結(jié)蠟時。隨著結(jié)蠟厚度的增大,結(jié)蠟層對停輸溫降特性的影響愈發(fā)明顯,虛擬交叉點逐漸靠近出站處。結(jié)蠟層的存在增大了再啟動壓力,一定程度上縮短了安全停輸時間。文中還對比分析了管道采用實際結(jié)蠟厚度、全線取平均結(jié)蠟厚度、析蠟點后取平均結(jié)蠟厚度和不考慮結(jié)蠟四種處理方式對停輸再啟動特性的影響。含蠟原油管道在停輸再啟動過程中的壁面剪切應(yīng)力對管壁結(jié)蠟層存在剪切作用,本文將這一過程抽象為結(jié)蠟層的脫落,以此來表征剪切作用的影響。模擬結(jié)果表明,隨著再啟動時間的延長,管壁結(jié)蠟層沿線依次發(fā)生脫落;停輸時間越久,管壁結(jié)蠟層越不易脫落;流量越小,再啟動對結(jié)蠟層的剪切作用越小;季節(jié)的不同對結(jié)蠟層剪切也有影響。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the mathematical model of stopping and restarting process of buried geothermal oil pipeline with wax deposit layer is established, and the mathematical model is solved by finite difference method, finite element method and double characteristic line method. The program is written to simulate the process of pipeline wax deposition and shutdown and restarting, and the veracity of the program is verified. Taking Zhongluo Line as an example, the effects of pipeline wax deposition on temperature drop, restart pressure and safe shutdown time are analyzed in detail. The wax deposit in the pipeline increases the oil temperature in the pipeline during normal operation, but the soil temperature field around the pipeline decreases and the temperature drop rate increases in the shutdown stage, which is not conducive to the smooth re-starting of the pipeline. In a certain stop time range, it is found that there is a virtual crossing point between pipeline wax deposit and pipeline oil temperature distribution when there is no wax deposit in pipeline. Under the same temperature of exit station during normal operation, the oil temperature along the pipeline at the exit station to the virtual crossing point is lower than that in the pipeline without wax deposit. The oil temperature along the pipeline from virtual intersection to entry station is higher than that without wax deposit. With the prolongation of the stop time, the virtual intersection appears in different positions along the pipeline transportation direction, and when the stop time exceeds the time when the pipeline enters the station where the virtual intersection occurs, The oil temperature of the whole pipeline is lower than that of the pipeline without wax deposit. With the increase of wax deposition thickness, the effect of wax deposition layer on the temperature drop is more and more obvious, and the virtual intersection point is closer to the exit station. The existence of wax deposit increases the restarting pressure and shortens the safe shutdown time to some extent. The effects of actual wax deposition thickness, average wax deposition thickness after wax precipitation and no consideration of wax deposition on the restarting characteristics of the pipeline are also compared and analyzed in this paper, which include the actual wax deposit thickness, the average wax deposit thickness in the whole line, the average wax deposit thickness after the wax precipitation point, and the failure to consider the wax deposit. The wall shear stress of waxy crude oil pipeline in the process of shutdown and restarting has shear effect on waxy layer of pipe wall. In this paper, the process is abstracted as the falling off of waxy layer to characterize the effect of shear action. The simulation results show that along the pipe wall waxy layer shedding occurs with the extension of restarting time, the longer the shutdown time, the less the pipe wall wax deposit layer is, and the smaller the flow rate is, the smaller the shear effect of restarting on the waxy layer is. Different seasons also affect the shear of waxy layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832.2

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