發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-10 20:58

  本文選題：微生物驅(qū)油 + 分子生態(tài)學(xué)　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：微生物提高原油采收率技術(shù)(MEOR),是世界上應(yīng)用于油田采油的一種第三次采油方法,目前已成為一種重要并迅速發(fā)展的采油技術(shù),它利用微生物自身的有益活動(dòng)或其代謝物,提高剩余油采收率。隨著這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,人們已經(jīng)從各大油藏中分離得到多種具有一定驅(qū)油效果的驅(qū)油菌株。但是,由于自然界中可培養(yǎng)的微生物種類在總菌群數(shù)量中只占有及其微小的部分,這就使得傳統(tǒng)的分離培養(yǎng)技術(shù)只能反映很少量的所檢測(cè)的油藏微生物的菌群特征。近年來隨著微生物分子生態(tài)學(xué)迅速發(fā)展,尤其是基于16S r DNA克隆文庫、實(shí)時(shí)熒光原位雜交及DGGE(變性梯度凝膠電泳)等技術(shù)手段的不斷完善及發(fā)展,微生物分子生態(tài)技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用到油藏微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和種群動(dòng)態(tài)研究中。微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的解析,以及群落的變化得到了充分的研究。使人們更加全面、客觀、準(zhǔn)確且及時(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)油藏微生物生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和種群動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律,可以從分子水平上揭示油藏微生物的多樣性,促進(jìn)對(duì)油藏微生物多樣性的認(rèn)識(shí),并深刻影響微生物采油的應(yīng)用方向。本研究利用基因克隆文庫的方法分析了大慶油田聚驅(qū)后油藏(采油三廠和采油四廠)、低滲透油藏(采油十廠)典型區(qū)塊采出液微生物菌群結(jié)構(gòu)特征。分別構(gòu)建了這些區(qū)塊細(xì)菌和古菌的16Sr DNA基因克隆文庫,并利用NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行序列比對(duì)分析和MEGA5.1進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化分析。結(jié)果表明,采油三廠優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌菌屬為Uncultured bacterium clone,占總菌群的82%。優(yōu)勢(shì)古菌菌屬為來源于高熱溫泉環(huán)境,對(duì)地下高溫環(huán)境具有很強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性的Crenarchaeotal sp.,占總菌群的36%。采油四廠細(xì)菌優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌菌屬為Uncultured bacterium,占總菌群的60.5%之間。優(yōu)勢(shì)古菌菌屬為Uncultured bacterium,占總菌群的34%。采油十廠優(yōu)勢(shì)細(xì)菌菌屬為具有降解乙腈,降解4-氯酚等特性Acinetobacter sp.,占43.5%。優(yōu)勢(shì)古菌菌屬為源于堿性土壤環(huán)境,具有產(chǎn)氫及纖維素酶等作用的Pantoea sp.,占總菌群的57.75%。在本文中,利用16Sr DNA基因克隆文庫分析了油藏中微生物的群落組成以及優(yōu)勢(shì)種群,分析主要的采油功能菌,為微生物提高原油采收率(MEOR)菌群的選擇提供指導(dǎo)。同時(shí)這些微生物分子生態(tài)學(xué)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用為確定油藏微生物提高原油采收率技術(shù)的可行性,以及進(jìn)一步指導(dǎo)微生物驅(qū)油過程中菌種的配伍、開發(fā)和應(yīng)用。進(jìn)而優(yōu)化微生物微生物提高原油采收率技術(shù)提供了可靠的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Microbial enhanced oil recovery technology is the third oil recovery method applied in the world. It has become an important and rapidly developing oil recovery technology, which makes use of the beneficial activities of microorganisms or their metabolites. Increase residual oil recovery. With the development of this technology, many oil displacement strains have been isolated from various oil reservoirs. However, due to the fact that the culturable microorganism in nature only occupies an extremely small part of the total microbial population, the traditional isolation and culture techniques can only reflect the microflora characteristics of a very small number of tested reservoir microbes. In recent years, with the rapid development of microbial molecular ecology, especially based on 16s r DNA clone library, real-time fluorescence in situ hybridization and DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), etc. Microbial molecular ecology technology has been widely used in the study of microbial community structure and population dynamics. The analysis of microbial community structure and function, as well as the community changes have been fully studied. In order to make people more comprehensive, objective, accurate and timely to understand reservoir microbial community structure and population dynamic changes, we can reveal the reservoir microbial diversity from the molecular level, promote the understanding of reservoir microbial diversity. The application direction of microbial oil recovery is deeply influenced. In this study, the microflora structure of recovery fluid in typical areas of Daqing oil field after polymer flooding was analyzed by using gene clone library (three oil recovery plants and four oil recovery plants) and low permeability reservoirs (oil recovery tenth plant). The 16Sr DNA gene cloning libraries of these blocks of bacteria and archaea were constructed, and the sequence alignment analysis and MEGA5.1 phylogenetic analysis were carried out using NCBI database. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the third plant were Uncultured bacterium clone, which accounted for 822% of the total flora. The dominant genus of Palaeomycetes is Crenarchaeotal sp., which comes from the high hot spring environment and has strong adaptability to the underground high temperature environment, and accounts for 36% of the total flora. The dominant bacteria in the fourth plant are Uncultured bacteria, which account for 60.5% of the total bacteria. The dominant ancient bacteria are Uncultured bacteria, which account for 34% of the total flora. The dominant bacteria in the tenth oil recovery plant were Acinetobacter sp., which had the characteristics of acetonitrile degradation and 4-chlorophenol degradation, accounting for 43.555%. The dominant palaeomycetes are Pantoea sp., which originated from alkaline soil environment and has the functions of hydrogen production and cellulase, accounting for 57.75% of the total flora. In this paper, the 16Sr DNA gene clone library was used to analyze the community composition and dominant population of microbes in the reservoir, and the main oil recovery functional bacteria were analyzed to provide guidance for the selection of microbial communities to improve oil recovery. At the same time, the application of these microbial molecular ecology techniques is to determine the feasibility of reservoir microbial oil recovery technology and to further guide the compatibility, development and application of microbial species in the oil displacement process. The optimization of microorganism to improve oil recovery technology provides a reliable basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.9;Q938

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本文編號(hào)：1870885