本文選題：光纖預(yù)警系統(tǒng) + 恒虛警　； 參考：《北方工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：基于相位敏感光時(shí)域反射體制(Phase-sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflection,Φ-OTDR)的光纖預(yù)警系統(tǒng)具有良好的隱蔽性、精準(zhǔn)的定位能力、可靠的實(shí)時(shí)性和極強(qiáng)的抗電磁干擾能力等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在油氣管道安全監(jiān)測(cè)領(lǐng)域有著良好的應(yīng)用前景。近年來(lái),該領(lǐng)域的研究多集中在光纖傳感體制設(shè)計(jì)和振源檢測(cè)識(shí)別算法設(shè)計(jì)上,而針對(duì)算法實(shí)現(xiàn)方面的研究較少。光纖預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的檢測(cè)識(shí)別算法需要在嵌入式的信號(hào)處理板卡中實(shí)現(xiàn),算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的優(yōu)劣程度影響著系統(tǒng)的整體性能。由于算法的復(fù)雜度較高且信號(hào)處理板卡的資源有限,因此,需要設(shè)計(jì)一套較為合理的數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)軟件架構(gòu),以保證算法實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)潔、高效且易于升級(jí)。本文深入研究了光纖預(yù)警系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)識(shí)別算法,將算法分為兩部分:振源的檢測(cè)定位部分和振動(dòng)類型識(shí)別部分,并依托光纖預(yù)警系統(tǒng)平臺(tái),設(shè)計(jì)了一套檢測(cè)識(shí)別算法在DSP中實(shí)現(xiàn)的解決方案。針對(duì)振源的檢測(cè)定位部分,在算法設(shè)計(jì)方面,本文對(duì)傳統(tǒng)振源檢測(cè)算法進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),設(shè)計(jì)了一種兩級(jí)恒虛警檢測(cè)器,該檢測(cè)器結(jié)合了單元平均恒虛警(Cell Averaging Constant False Alarm Rate,CA-CFAR)檢測(cè)器和最大/最小選擇恒虛警(Greatest-Of/Smallest-Of Constant False Alarm Rate,GO/SO-CFAR)檢測(cè)器的優(yōu)點(diǎn),在保證檢測(cè)性能的同時(shí)盡可能提高算法的執(zhí)行效率;在算法實(shí)現(xiàn)方面,本文設(shè)計(jì)了基于流水線技術(shù)的DSP軟件架構(gòu),并采用滑動(dòng)窗口結(jié)構(gòu)和有序鏈表結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)兩級(jí)恒虛警檢測(cè)器的處理流程進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,進(jìn)一步提高了算法的執(zhí)行效率。針對(duì)振動(dòng)類型識(shí)別部分,本文提出了通過(guò)信號(hào)的小波功率熵特征和基音周期特征對(duì)振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行識(shí)別的方法,并設(shè)計(jì)了基于環(huán)形隊(duì)列技術(shù)的DSP軟件架構(gòu),將每一待識(shí)別的振動(dòng)列當(dāng)作一項(xiàng)任務(wù)壓入環(huán)形隊(duì)列中,遵循先進(jìn)先出(First In First Out,FIFO)的原則依次對(duì)環(huán)形隊(duì)列中的任務(wù)進(jìn)行處理,使得算法的執(zhí)行流程更加簡(jiǎn)潔,軟件的開(kāi)發(fā)更具模塊化。經(jīng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試證明,本文提出的DSP編程解決方案合理、高效地實(shí)現(xiàn)了檢測(cè)識(shí)別算法,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的檢測(cè)識(shí)別性能。模塊化的軟件架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)為后續(xù)算法版本的升級(jí)和維護(hù)打下了良好的基礎(chǔ),有效推進(jìn)了光纖預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的實(shí)用化進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:The optical fiber early warning system based on Phase-sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflection, 桅 -OTDR has the advantages of good concealment, accurate positioning ability, reliable real-time performance and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability. It has a good application prospect in the field of oil and gas pipeline safety monitoring. In recent years, the research in this field has focused on the design of optical fiber sensing system and vibration source detection and identification algorithm, but less on the realization of the algorithm. The detection and recognition algorithm of optical fiber early warning system needs to be implemented in the embedded signal processing board. The performance of the system is affected by the degree of the realization of the algorithm. Due to the high complexity of the algorithm and the limited resources of the signal processing board, it is necessary to design a reasonable digital signal processor (DSP) software architecture to ensure that the algorithm is simple, efficient and easy to upgrade. In this paper, the detection and identification algorithm of optical fiber early warning system is deeply studied. The algorithm is divided into two parts: the detection and location of the vibration source and the identification of the vibration type, and rely on the optical fiber early warning system platform. Design a set of detection and recognition algorithm in DSP implementation of the solution. Aiming at the detection and location of vibration source, in the aspect of algorithm design, this paper improves the traditional detection algorithm of vibration source, and designs a two-stage constant false alarm detector (CFAR). The detector combines the advantages of the cell average CFAR Averaging Constant False Alarm CA-CFAR detector and the maximum / minimum selective CFAR detector, which ensures the detection performance and improves the efficiency of the algorithm. In this paper, the DSP software architecture based on pipeline technology is designed, and the processing flow of the two-stage CFAR detector is optimized by using the sliding window structure and the ordered linked list structure, which further improves the execution efficiency of the algorithm. In the part of vibration type recognition, this paper proposes a method to identify vibration signal by wavelet power entropy feature and pitch period feature, and designs a DSP software architecture based on ring queue technology. Each vibration sequence to be identified is pressed into the ring queue as a task, and the tasks in the ring queue are processed in turn according to the principle of first-in-first-out (FIFO), which makes the execution flow of the algorithm more concise. Software development is more modular. It is proved by field test that the proposed DSP programming solution is reasonable, and the detection and recognition algorithm is realized efficiently, and the expected detection and recognition performance is achieved. The modular software architecture design lays a good foundation for the update and maintenance of the subsequent algorithm version, and effectively promotes the practical process of the fiber optic early warning system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE973.6

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