高溫下高鹽油田污水脫鹽處理阻垢技術(shù)的研究
本文選題:高鹽廢水 + 高溫阻垢; 參考:《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文
【摘要】:油田用水結(jié)垢一直以來(lái)是一個(gè)很難避免的問(wèn)題,嚴(yán)重的結(jié)垢現(xiàn)象會(huì)大幅增加油田生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中開(kāi)發(fā)的成本。本文針對(duì)勝利油田大部分富余污水鹽度高(含鹽質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)1%-4%)、有機(jī)成分復(fù)雜(含有大量石油烴類(lèi)和各種化學(xué)助劑)的特點(diǎn),開(kāi)展高鹽油田污水脫鹽處理預(yù)除硬阻垢技術(shù)研究工作,優(yōu)選出在高溫條件下能保持較高阻垢效率的高性?xún)r(jià)比的阻垢劑,有效控制機(jī)械壓縮蒸發(fā)脫鹽工藝處理高鹽油田污水設(shè)備中的結(jié)垢問(wèn)題,延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備使用壽命,為高鹽油田污水的資源化回用提供技術(shù)支持。本文在采用化學(xué)分析和儀器分析法分析高鹽油田污水的化學(xué)組成和鈣鎂含量的基礎(chǔ)上,采用碳酸鈣結(jié)垢趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)中的Davis-Stiff飽和指數(shù)法和Ryznar穩(wěn)定指數(shù)法對(duì)新疆油田含油污水的結(jié)垢趨勢(shì)和垢鹽組成進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),為高效阻垢劑的篩選提供理論指導(dǎo)。然后根據(jù)高鹽油田污水的水質(zhì)特點(diǎn),對(duì)市場(chǎng)上常用的商品化阻垢劑進(jìn)行篩選,選擇在機(jī)械壓縮蒸發(fā)脫鹽工藝處理高鹽油田污水中有應(yīng)用潛力的阻垢劑產(chǎn)品,采用國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)阻垢法進(jìn)行阻垢劑的性能評(píng)價(jià)與阻垢劑的優(yōu)選,優(yōu)選出高性?xún)r(jià)比的阻垢劑。并通過(guò)改變加熱溫度、加熱時(shí)間和阻垢劑的投加量等條件,研究加熱溫度、加熱時(shí)間和阻垢劑的投加量對(duì)優(yōu)選出的阻垢劑阻垢效果的影響情況,確定出阻垢劑的最佳應(yīng)用條件和參數(shù)。同時(shí)采用化學(xué)分析方法和現(xiàn)代分析儀器(如掃描電鏡、和X-射線(xiàn)能譜儀等)通過(guò)分析阻垢劑的增溶作用、垢樣的形貌、垢樣的粒度分布和垢樣的晶相組成等,探討阻垢劑的阻垢機(jī)理。此外,本文還對(duì)石膏晶種添加法阻垢進(jìn)行了初步的研究。結(jié)果表明,所采用的新疆油田含油污水在80℃和100℃的溫度下具有結(jié)垢的趨勢(shì),且100℃時(shí)有更加嚴(yán)重的結(jié)垢趨勢(shì)。對(duì)六種常用阻垢劑進(jìn)行篩選研究發(fā)現(xiàn),阻垢劑SQ-1211在高溫條件下明顯具有更好地阻垢效果。對(duì)新疆油田含油污水,阻垢緩蝕劑SQ 1211投加量10 mg/L時(shí),80℃時(shí)阻垢率高達(dá)91%。對(duì)模擬高鹽廢水的阻垢實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,在鈣離子濃度高達(dá)1600 mg/L的情況下,阻垢緩蝕劑SQ 1211的最佳投加量為11 mg/L,在80℃、pH=8時(shí),阻垢率可達(dá)90.7%。此外,阻垢劑的投加在高溫的條件下可有效的減緩阻垢過(guò)程。當(dāng)高鹽廢水中加入阻垢緩蝕劑SQ 1211以后,由于阻垢劑吸附到碳酸鈣垢晶體表面的活性增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)上,干擾了晶體的正常成核與生長(zhǎng),導(dǎo)致其晶格發(fā)生畸變,使霰石成為了碳酸鈣垢晶體的主要晶型。與方解石相比,霰石的分散性更高,更加的不穩(wěn)定,所以形成的水垢更容易溶解在水中被水流帶走,從而起到阻垢的效果。采用石膏晶種添加法,對(duì)模擬新疆油田含油污水在高溫蒸發(fā)過(guò)程中成垢離子結(jié)晶的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,當(dāng)無(wú)水硫酸鈣的晶種投加量為10h/L,停留時(shí)間10 h時(shí),在靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)蒸發(fā)的過(guò)程中所得的晶種體積均最大,能起到最好的阻垢效果。
[Abstract]:Water scaling in oil fields has been a difficult problem to be avoided. Serious scaling will greatly increase the cost of development in the production process of oil fields. In this paper, the high salinity (1%-4%) of most of the surplus sewage in Shengli Oilfield, with the complex organic components (containing a large number of petroleum hydrocarbons and various chemical additives), has been carried out high. The research work of desalting and desalting treatment in salt oil field is used to optimize the scale inhibitor which can maintain high efficiency of scale inhibition under high temperature conditions, effectively control the scale problem of mechanical compression evaporation and desalination process in the sewage equipment of high salt oil field, prolong the service life of the equipment, and reuse the sewage in the high salt oil field. On the basis of chemical analysis and instrument analysis, the chemical composition and calcium and magnesium content of high salt oil field sewage are analyzed. The scaling trend and scale salt composition of oily sewage in Xinjiang oilfield are predicted by using the Davis-Stiff saturation index method and the Ryznar stability index method. The filtration of the scale inhibitor provides theoretical guidance. Then, according to the characteristics of the water quality of the high salt oilfield, the commercialized scale inhibitor in the market is screened and the scale inhibitor product has the potential application potential in the wastewater treatment of high salt oil field with the mechanical compression evaporation desalination process. The performance evaluation of the scale inhibitor is carried out by the national standard static scale inhibition method. With the optimization of scale inhibitor, the scale inhibitor with high performance price ratio is selected, and the influence of heating temperature, heating time and dosage of scale inhibitor on the scale inhibition effect of the optimized scale inhibitor is studied by changing the heating temperature, heating time and the dosage of scale inhibitor, and the optimum application conditions and parameters of the scale inhibitor are determined. Chemical analysis methods and modern analytical instruments (such as scanning electron microscopy, and X- ray spectrometers) have discussed the scale inhibition mechanism of scale inhibitors by analyzing the solubilization of scale inhibitors, the morphology of scale samples, the size distribution of scale samples and the crystalline phase composition of scale samples. In addition, the scale inhibition of Shi Gaojing addition method was also studied in this paper. The results showed that The oily sewage in Xinjiang oilfield has a trend of scaling at 80 and 100 C, and there is a more serious scaling trend at 100 C. The screening of six commonly used scale inhibitors has found that the scale inhibitor SQ-1211 has a better scale inhibition effect under the high temperature condition. The oily sewage in Xinjiang oilfield and the scale inhibitor SQ 1211 When the dosage was 10 mg/L, the scale inhibition rate was up to 91%. at 80 C, and the scale inhibition experiment of simulated high salt wastewater showed that the optimum dosage of the scale inhibitor SQ 1211 was 11 mg/L when the calcium ion concentration was up to 1600 mg/L, and the scale inhibition rate could reach 90.7%. at 80 and pH=8, and the scale inhibitor could effectively slow down the scale inhibition under the condition of high temperature. After adding the scale inhibitor SQ 1211 to the high salt wastewater, as the scale inhibitor adsorbed the active growth point on the surface of the calcium carbonate scale, it interfered the normal nucleation and growth of the crystal, resulting in the lattice distortion and made aragonite as the main crystal of calcium carbonate crystals. Compared with calcite, the dispersion of aragonite is higher and more than that of calcite. It is not stable, so the formation of the scale is more easily dissolved in water and is taken away by water, thus the effect of scale inhibition. The effect of the gypsum crystal seed addition method on the crystallization of the scale ion of the simulated Xinjiang oilfield oily wastewater during the high temperature evaporation process shows that when the dosage of the crystal seed of the anhydrous calcium sulphate is 10h/L and the residence time is 10 h, it is static. The volume of crystal seeds obtained during dynamic and dynamic evaporation is the largest, and the best scale inhibition effect can be achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:X741
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