本文選題：油頁巖 + 原位裂解��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：截至2015年底,世界石油探明資源量為1.6976萬億桶,僅滿足全球50.7年的生產(chǎn)需要。中國是世界第一能源消費(fèi)大國,且石油對(duì)外依存度高,這些因素將直接威脅到我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展甚至是國家安全。因此我國有必要對(duì)非常規(guī)能源進(jìn)行開發(fā)利用,以尋找新的替代能源。油頁巖是一種富含有機(jī)質(zhì)的沉積巖,作為一種非常規(guī)能源,因其資源量大而具有極好的開發(fā)潛力。中國油頁巖資源量豐富,將其折算成頁巖油可達(dá)476.44億噸,高居世界第二位。目前油頁巖的開發(fā)利用方式有地上干餾和地下原位裂解,后者因產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好和環(huán)保等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而具有更好的前景。本文基于國家油頁巖原位開采先導(dǎo)試驗(yàn)工程進(jìn)行研究。本文首先用熱重分析儀(STA-449F3)研究農(nóng)安油頁巖的熱解特性,發(fā)現(xiàn)其裂解溫度范圍為300℃~540℃(N2氣氛);用Hot Disk熱常數(shù)分析儀測(cè)試油頁巖的熱物理性質(zhì),發(fā)現(xiàn)該性質(zhì)具有各向異性,并分析了熱物理性質(zhì)系數(shù)隨溫度的變化規(guī)律,最后擬合出導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)隨溫度變化的公式。然后對(duì)油頁巖原位裂解的溫度場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬。農(nóng)安油頁巖層厚7.2m,注熱井和開采井間距5m,假定通過壓裂的方式建立了三種裂縫,即模型1(兩條裂縫、縫高4mm)、模型2(三條裂縫、縫高4mm)和模型3(四條裂縫、縫高4mm)。用ICEM CFD劃分網(wǎng)格,Fluent模擬在注氣溫度450℃或420℃、不同注氣流量下油頁巖層的溫度場(chǎng)。模擬結(jié)果表明:在裂解區(qū)域建立3條裂縫、縫高4mm(模型2)的注氣通道,且N2注入流量為140Nm3/h時(shí),其能量利用率可達(dá)58.3%,加熱47.3天即可完全裂解該區(qū)域的油頁巖。接著選取適用于注熱管柱的保溫材料;采用理論計(jì)算的方式,計(jì)算出保溫層的臨界厚度;進(jìn)行注熱管柱的保溫結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)并在地面進(jìn)行測(cè)試,最后用Fluent軟件模擬一定初始條件下不同氣體流量流過注熱管柱后的溫度。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):長(zhǎng)70米,外徑?32mm的注熱管柱,纏繞4層納米SiO2氣凝膠GR10,當(dāng)N2注入溫度為500℃的情況下,注熱管柱的出口溫度在一定注氣時(shí)間后可達(dá)400℃以上。最后依托于農(nóng)安油頁巖原位裂解先導(dǎo)試驗(yàn)工程,通過射孔—壓裂的方式建立裂縫,對(duì)注熱管柱進(jìn)行了保溫處理,最后進(jìn)行了注熱試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)N2在注熱井井口溫度450~500℃、注入流量120~140Nm3/h的情況下,其孔底溫度可達(dá)400~420℃。在加熱10d左右后,可監(jiān)測(cè)到產(chǎn)物中HC含量大于10%,說明油頁巖層開始裂解。
[Abstract]:By the end of 2015, the world's proven resources are 1 trillion and 697 billion 600 million barrels, which only meet the production needs of 50.7 years in the world. China is the world's largest consumer of energy, and the dependence of oil on foreign countries is high. These factors will directly threaten our country's economic development and even national security. Therefore, it is necessary for us to develop and utilize unconventional energy. In order to find new alternative energy sources, oil shale is a kind of rich organic sedimentary rock. As a kind of non conventional energy, it has great potential for development because of its large amount of resources. China's oil shale is rich in resources, and it is converted into shale oil up to 476.44 million tons and ranks second in the world. At present, the exploitation and utilization of oil shale has the land on the dry distillation. In situ cracking in the underground, the latter has a better prospect because of the advantages of good quality and environmental protection. This paper is based on the pilot test project of the national oil shale in situ mining. Firstly, the pyrolysis characteristics of Nongan oil shale were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer (STA-449F3), and the pyrolysis temperature range was 300 C ~540 C (N2 atmosphere), and Hot D was used. Isk thermal constant analyzer tests the thermal physical properties of oil shale. It is found that the property is anisotropic, and the change law of thermal physical property coefficient with temperature is analyzed. Finally, the formula of thermal conductivity change with temperature is fitted. Then the temperature field of the in-situ pyrolysis of oil shale is simulated. The thickness of the oil shale is thick 7.2m, heat injection well. The distance between the mining well is 5m, and it is assumed that three kinds of fractures are established by fracturing, namely, model 1 (two cracks, high 4mm), model 2 (three cracks, seam height 4mm) and model 3 (four cracks, high 4mm). The grid is divided by ICEM CFD, and the temperature field of the oil shale is simulated at the gas injection temperature 450 or 420, and the temperature field of the oil page rock under different gas injection flow. Simulation results table Ming: 3 cracks were established in the cracking area, the gas injection channel of 4mm (model 2) was sewn up, and when the flow rate of N2 was 140Nm3/h, the energy utilization rate could reach 58.3%, and the oil shale in this area could be completely cracked for 47.3 days. Then, the thermal insulation material suitable for heat injection pipe column was selected, and the critical thickness of the insulation layer was calculated by the method of mining theory. The thermal insulation structure of the pipe column is designed and tested on the ground. Finally, Fluent software is used to simulate the temperature after the flow of different gas flow through the heat pipe column under certain initial conditions. The results show that the heat pipe column is 70 meters long, the outer diameter 32mm tube column, winding 4 layers of nano SiO2 aerogel, when the N2 injection temperature is 500 C, the heat pipe column is out. The mouth temperature is up to 400 degrees centigrade after a certain gas injection time. Finally, relying on the pilot project of the in-situ pyrolysis of Nongan oil shale, the cracks are established through perforation fracturing, and heat preservation treatment is carried out for the heat injection pipe column. Finally, the heat injection test is carried out. The test results show that N2 is 450~500 C at the wellhead temperature of the injection well and the flow rate of 120~140Nm3/h. In the case, the temperature of the bottom hole can reach 400~420 degrees Celsius. After heating about 10d, the HC content in the product can be monitored to be greater than 10%, which indicates that the oil shale formation is cracking.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD83

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本文編號(hào)：1856678