本文選題：四川盆地?zé)粲敖M鉛鋅礦 + 古油(氣)藏�。� 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：瀝青被認(rèn)為是油氣形成、演化歷史過(guò)程中不可缺少的部分,瀝青的存在常常對(duì)油氣的分布和勘探具有重要的指示作用,同時(shí)天然瀝青作為一種有機(jī)流體與沉積盆地中的一些金屬礦床形成具有密切聯(lián)系,特別是MVT型鉛鋅礦,與瀝青關(guān)系十分密切。四川盆地北緣燈影組中鉛鋅礦,屬于MVT型鉛鋅礦,在這些礦床中可見(jiàn)有大量瀝青存在。本文在區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景的基礎(chǔ)上,采用野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查、室內(nèi)有機(jī)地球化學(xué)分析、掃描電鏡與包裹體拉曼分析等研究手段,揭示古油氣藏成藏與MVT型鉛鋅礦成礦之間的關(guān)系。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)燈影組中發(fā)育有兩個(gè)古巖溶界面,古巖溶帶對(duì)鉛鋅礦與古油(氣)藏的賦存位置有著明顯的控制作用。通過(guò)瀝青的分布范圍,恢復(fù)古油藏的分布范圍,以燈三段為界發(fā)育有兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的古油藏,燈三段上部的古油藏在研究區(qū)內(nèi)廣泛發(fā)育,燈三段下部的古油藏僅在研究區(qū)的中部、西部發(fā)育,古油藏在東部由于古巖溶作用的影響較小而逐漸尖滅。研究區(qū)內(nèi)的鉛鋅礦床均產(chǎn)出于古油氣藏范圍內(nèi),鉛鋅礦床中也見(jiàn)有大量瀝青充填,鉛鋅礦與油氣藏具有“你中有我,我中有你”的空間產(chǎn)出特征,表現(xiàn)出油氣藏與鉛鋅礦在空間上存在即共生又分離的特點(diǎn)。通過(guò)瀝青-泥頁(yè)巖的生物標(biāo)志化合物等特征對(duì)比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)瀝青與泥頁(yè)巖中的有機(jī)質(zhì)均來(lái)源于藻類等低等生物,沉積環(huán)境為缺氧且具有一定鹽度的還原環(huán)境。瀝青與泥頁(yè)巖在沉積環(huán)境和母源性質(zhì)以及成熟度上均顯示高度一致性,表明兩者有機(jī)質(zhì)來(lái)源存在親緣關(guān)系,即瀝青有機(jī)質(zhì)的來(lái)源為下寒武統(tǒng)郭家壩組泥頁(yè)巖。根據(jù)“地質(zhì)色層”效應(yīng),通過(guò)對(duì)瀝青正構(gòu)烷烴等生物標(biāo)志化合物在地球化學(xué)指標(biāo)上的變化規(guī)律研究,在表明區(qū)內(nèi)油氣的運(yùn)移方向上具有較好的一致性,都表現(xiàn)出有機(jī)質(zhì)運(yùn)移方向?yàn)樽詵|向西。瀝青中存在異常高的Pb、Zn元素,其含量遠(yuǎn)高于地殼克拉克值,其平均值分別為313×10~(-6)、2934×10~(-6),遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于MVT鉛鋅礦床成礦流體所需要的Pb(2.0×10~(-6))和Zn(13×10~(-6))含量,其完全有能力為鉛鋅成礦提供鉛鋅元素的能力,說(shuō)明原油本身可以成為成礦流體的組成部分或直接就是成礦流體。在瀝青中發(fā)現(xiàn)有閃鋅礦、方鉛礦等金屬包裹物,結(jié)合在閃鋅礦等礦物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的瀝青,瀝青與閃鋅礦在微觀上顯示出“你中有我,我中有你”的特點(diǎn)。說(shuō)明鉛鋅礦的成礦流體來(lái)自古油藏。此外,瀝青的烴源巖中也發(fā)現(xiàn)有閃鋅礦、方鉛礦等金屬包裹物,鉛鋅礦與瀝青在運(yùn)移方向上具有較好一致性,均表現(xiàn)出自東向西運(yùn)移的特點(diǎn),進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了鉛鋅礦的成礦流體來(lái)自古油藏。研究成果表明,研究區(qū)內(nèi)鉛鋅礦與古油藏?zé)o論是在宏觀空間展布上還是微觀礦物賦存上均顯示出“你中有我,我中有你”的特點(diǎn),顯示古油氣藏與鉛鋅礦存在同運(yùn)、同源的特征,即古油藏的成藏流體就是鉛鋅礦的成礦流體。
[Abstract]:Asphalt is considered to be an indispensable part of the formation and evolution of oil and gas. The existence of bitumen often plays an important role in indicating the distribution and exploration of oil and gas. At the same time, natural asphalt, as an organic fluid, is closely related to the formation of some metal deposits in sedimentary basins, especially the MVT type lead-zinc deposit, which is closely related to asphalt. The central lead-zinc deposit of Dengying formation in the northern margin of Sichuan Basin belongs to MVT type lead-zinc deposit, in which a large number of bitumen can be found. Based on the regional geological background, the relationship between paleo-reservoir formation and MVT type lead-zinc mineralization is revealed by means of field geological survey, indoor organic geochemical analysis, scanning electron microscope and inclusion Raman analysis. It is found that there are two paleokarst interfaces developed in the Dengying formation, and the paleokarst zone has an obvious controlling effect on the occurrence of lead-zinc ore and paleo-oil (gas) reservoir. Through the distribution range of asphalt, the distribution range of paleo-reservoir is restored. There are two independent paleoreservoirs developed in the boundary of the third member of the lamp, the paleoreservoir of the upper part of the third section of the lamp is widely developed in the study area, and the paleoreservoir of the lower part of the third section of the lamp is only in the middle of the study area. In the west, the paleoreservoir is gradually destroyed in the east due to the small effect of paleokarst. The lead-zinc deposits in the study area are all produced in paleo-oil and gas reservoirs, and a large amount of asphalt filling is also found in lead-zinc deposits. The lead-zinc deposits and oil and gas reservoirs have the spatial characteristics of "you are in each other, you are in me". It shows that oil and gas reservoirs and lead and zinc deposits exist both symbiosis and separation in space. Through the comparative study of biomarkers of asphalt-shale, it is found that the organic matter in asphalt and shale are both derived from algae and other lower organisms, and the sedimentary environment is anoxic and salinity-reducing environment. There is a high consistency between asphalt and shale in sedimentary environment, parent origin and maturity, which indicates that there is a close relationship between the two organic matter sources, that is, the source of bituminous organic matter is the shale of Guojiaba formation in the Lower Cambrian. According to the effect of "geological chromatogram", through the study of the change law of the geochemical index of the biomarkers such as bitumen n-alkanes, it is shown that the migration direction of oil and gas in this area is in good agreement. All show that the migration direction of organic matter is from east to west. The content of Pb ~ (2 +) Zn in asphalt is much higher than the Clarke value of crust, and its average value is 313 脳 10 ~ (-10) ~ (-6) 脳 10 ~ (10) ~ (-6), which is much higher than that of Pb(2.0 脳 10 ~ (10 ~ (-6) and Zn(13 脳 10 ~ (10 ~ (-6) of the ore-forming fluid of MVT lead-zinc deposit. It is fully capable of providing lead and zinc elements for lead-zinc mineralization, indicating that crude oil itself can be a component of ore-forming fluids or a direct ore-forming fluid. There are sphalerite, galena and other metal inclusions found in asphalt, combined with bitumen found in sphalerite and other minerals. Asphalt and sphalerite show the characteristics of "you are in the middle of each other, you are in me". The results show that the ore-forming fluid of lead-zinc ore comes from paleoreservoir. In addition, sphalerite, galena and other metal inclusions are found in the source rocks of bitumen. There is a good consistency between lead-zinc ore and bitumen in the direction of migration, all of which are derived from the characteristics of eastward and westward migration. It is further confirmed that the ore-forming fluid of lead-zinc ore comes from paleoreservoir. The research results show that both the lead and zinc deposits and the paleo-reservoirs in the study area show the characteristics of "you are in the same place", both in the macroscopic space distribution and in the microcosmic mineral occurrence, indicating that the paleo-oil and zinc reservoirs have the same transport with the lead-zinc ore. The homologous characteristic, that is, the reservoir fluid of paleoreservoir is the ore-forming fluid of lead-zinc deposit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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