發(fā)布時間：2018-05-04 09:02

  本文選題：HAZOP + 風險評估　； 參考：《北京化工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：原料油增壓泵是渣油加氫裝置中的重要設備之一,其是否安全穩(wěn)定運行對整套裝置有重要影響。進行泵運行過程風險分析,辨識自身故障和系統(tǒng)原因導致的異常狀態(tài)及其對整個過程造成的影響是石化裝置泵運行過程狀態(tài)監(jiān)測、故障預警和事故防控的前提,也可為操作人員處理故障或事故提供參考依據(jù)。為了對原料油增壓泵風險進行分析和辨識,本文綜合風險分析、故障辨識、后果模擬以及流體力學模擬等方法,研究并提出了原料油增壓泵風險分析技術。首先應用危險與可操作性(Hazard and Operability Analysis,簡稱HAZOP)分析方法,對原料油增壓泵所處過程系統(tǒng)進行了定性風險分析,分析了系統(tǒng)原因導致異常工況、故障或事故,得出原料油增壓泵潛在的高風險事件及不穩(wěn)定事件,辨識了其自身故障原因,計算了失效概率；其次,針對HAZOP分析辨識得到的高風險泄漏事件,采取定量風險計算方法計算由于多原因耦合導致的泵故障率和失效后果；再次,針對HAZOP分析辨識得到泵效率低的不穩(wěn)定事件,基于參數(shù)敏感性分析方法研究轉速、葉輪直徑等因素對泵效率的影響。主要工作和結論如下：(1)對原料油增壓泵所處的工藝單元進行HAZOP定性分析,識別設備潛在風險,評定原因事件的風險等級,得到系統(tǒng)潛在的高風險事件和不穩(wěn)定事件,分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：泄漏事故和泵效率低是原料油增壓泵所處工藝單元過程的重要潛在風險。(2)針對原料油增壓泵泄漏事故進行定量風險分析,建立原料油增壓泵所處節(jié)點的泄漏事故樹,轉化為貝葉斯網(wǎng)絡模型,定量計算事故的可能性概率；分析泄漏事故后果模式,應用PHAST軟件定量計算泄漏事故后果嚴重度；綜合可能性和嚴重度等級劃分,構建風險矩陣,確定泄漏原因事件風險。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：安裝或維護不當是導致泄漏事故的高風險事件,異常振動、機械密封異常磨損導致泄漏事故的風險等級較高。定量分析得到的結論可用于泄漏事故風險預防措施和應急預案的確定。(3)針對原料油增壓泵效率低事件進行參數(shù)敏感性分析,設計單因素影響試驗和正交試驗分別研究效率影響因素的局部敏感性和全局敏感性。應用FLUENT軟件完成試驗設計計算,分析效率影響因素的重要度排序。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：電機轉速和介質(zhì)粘度對泵運行效率有顯著影響,葉輪磨損量、介質(zhì)密度及出口壓力等因素對效率影響較低。利用參數(shù)敏感性分析得到的結論可用于泵高效運行措施的提出。本文依據(jù)原料油增壓泵風險辨識、風險分析和參數(shù)敏感性分析,提出事故預防、應急處理及提高運行效率措施,對提高設備安全管理效率,保障原料油增壓泵安全高效運行有非常重要的實際意義。
[Abstract]:Feedstock booster pump is one of the important equipment in residue hydrogenation unit, and its safe and stable operation has an important effect on the whole unit. Risk analysis of pump operation process, identification of abnormal state caused by self-fault and system reason and its influence on the whole process are the premise of monitoring, fault warning and accident prevention and control of pump operation process in petrochemical plant. It can also provide reference for operators to deal with faults or accidents. In order to analyze and identify the risk of feedstock booster pump, the risk analysis technology of feedstock booster pump is studied and put forward in this paper, such as risk analysis, fault identification, consequence simulation and hydrodynamic simulation. Firstly, the hazard and maneuverability Hazard and Operability Analysis, (HAZOPP) analysis method is used to analyze qualitatively the risk of the process system of the feedstock booster pump, and the system causes of abnormal working conditions, faults or accidents are analyzed. The potential high risk events and unstable events of the feedstock booster pump are obtained, the causes of its own faults are identified, and the failure probability is calculated. Secondly, aiming at the high risk leakage events identified by HAZOP analysis, Quantitative risk calculation method is adopted to calculate the failure rate and failure consequence of the pump caused by multi-cause coupling. Thirdly, the rotational speed is studied based on the parameter sensitivity analysis method in view of the unstable events with low pump efficiency obtained by HAZOP analysis. The influence of impeller diameter and other factors on pump efficiency. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) HAZOP qualitative analysis of the process unit of the feedstock booster pump, identification of the equipment potential risk, assessment of the risk grade of the cause event, obtaining the potential high risk events and unstable events of the system. It is found that the leakage accident and low pump efficiency are important potential risks in the process of the process unit of the feedstock booster pump. (2) quantitative risk analysis is carried out for the leakage accident of the feedstock booster pump, and the leakage accident tree of the node of the feedstock booster pump is established. Transform into Bayesian network model, calculate probability probability of accident quantitatively; analyze the model of leakage accident consequence, use PHAST software to calculate the severity of leakage accident consequence quantitatively; divide synthetically possibility and severity grade, construct risk matrix, Determine the risk of leakage events. It is found that improper installation or maintenance is a high risk event leading to leakage accident, and abnormal vibration and abnormal wear of mechanical seal lead to high risk of leakage accident. The conclusion of quantitative analysis can be used to determine the risk of leakage accident and the emergency plan. (3) the parameter sensitivity analysis of low efficiency events of feedstock booster pump can be carried out. The local sensitivity and global sensitivity of the influencing factors of efficiency were studied by single factor test and orthogonal test respectively. FLUENT software is used to complete the design and calculation of the experiment, and the importance ranking of the influencing factors of efficiency is analyzed. It is found that motor speed and medium viscosity have significant influence on pump efficiency, while impeller wear, medium density and outlet pressure have little effect on efficiency. The conclusions obtained from the parameter sensitivity analysis can be used to put forward the efficient operation measures of the pump. According to the risk identification, risk analysis and parameter sensitivity analysis of feedstock booster pump, this paper puts forward the measures of accident prevention, emergency treatment and improving operation efficiency, which can improve the efficiency of equipment safety management. It is of great practical significance to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the feedstock booster pump.
【學位授予單位】：北京化工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE96

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本文編號：1842426