本文選題：頁巖氣 + 水平井　； 參考：《西安石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：頁巖氣藏具有孔隙度極小、滲透率極低、埋藏深度一般較深,物性較差等特點(diǎn),因此頁巖氣藏必須經(jīng)過水力壓裂才能獲得較高的產(chǎn)能。水平井輔以分段壓裂措施開發(fā)頁巖氣已成為世界趨勢,但由于頁巖氣在儲層中存在解吸、擴(kuò)散和滲流相互作用,且具有獨(dú)特的滲流特性,其產(chǎn)能分析較為復(fù)雜。本文調(diào)研了頁巖氣的基本特征及頁巖氣井產(chǎn)能分析的研究進(jìn)展,介紹了頁巖氣藏的儲層特征和性質(zhì),頁巖氣的儲集以及運(yùn)移產(chǎn)出機(jī)理,針對頁巖氣藏中吸附氣與游離氣共存的儲集方式,基于雙重介質(zhì)模型建立了考慮吸附解吸作用的頁巖氣藏不穩(wěn)定滲流數(shù)學(xué)模型,利用Laplace變換計算頁巖氣藏的點(diǎn)源解,通過勢的疊加原理得到定產(chǎn)量生產(chǎn)時分段壓裂改造后的井底壓力解,結(jié)果表明在頁巖氣開采中吸附解吸氣量所占比例較大,且考慮吸附解吸后,定產(chǎn)量生產(chǎn)所需壓差小,壓力波傳播到邊界時間晚,壓力導(dǎo)數(shù)曲線凹槽更加明顯,同時定井底流壓生產(chǎn)時壓裂水平井產(chǎn)量更大,穩(wěn)產(chǎn)時間更長;Langmuir吸附體積越大,壓力波傳播越慢,所需壓差越小,壓力導(dǎo)數(shù)曲線凹槽越深,Langmuir吸附壓力須結(jié)合地層壓力共同進(jìn)行分析。同時依據(jù)文獻(xiàn)中分析的四川威遠(yuǎn)—長寧地區(qū)下志留統(tǒng)龍馬溪組頁巖氣藏特征,建立頁巖氣藏和壓裂帶的組合模型,推導(dǎo)了考慮等溫吸附、Knudsen擴(kuò)散以及滑脫效應(yīng)多種滲流機(jī)制共同作用下的氣藏氣體滲流模型,對于壓裂帶,通過源匯反映原理,推導(dǎo)了考慮縫間干擾時的水平井壓裂帶氣體滲流模型,得到了頁巖氣藏壓裂水平井的產(chǎn)能預(yù)測模型,并對該區(qū)進(jìn)行了模擬計算,得到了該區(qū)水平井裂縫優(yōu)化參數(shù)。最后從地質(zhì)物性方面與開發(fā)方面分析總結(jié)了頁巖氣井產(chǎn)能影響因素,再者運(yùn)用正交試驗法,選取四個因素進(jìn)行25組正交試驗,極差計算表明,基質(zhì)滲透率與裂縫半長權(quán)重較大,裂縫間距與吸附比權(quán)重較小,與美國A.Kalantari-Dahaghi做對影響頁巖氣生產(chǎn)狀況的敏感參數(shù)分析表中的影響次序相吻合,驗證了產(chǎn)能預(yù)測模型的可靠性,對頁巖氣的開發(fā)具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Shale gas reservoirs are characterized by very small porosity, extremely low permeability, deep burial depth and poor physical properties. Therefore, shale gas reservoirs must be hydraulic fracturing in order to obtain higher productivity. It has become a trend in the world to develop shale gas with fracturing in horizontal wells, but the productivity analysis of shale gas is complicated because of the interaction of gas desorption, diffusion and percolation in the reservoir, and its unique percolation characteristics. In this paper, the basic characteristics of shale gas and the research progress of shale gas well productivity analysis are investigated, and the reservoir characteristics and properties of shale gas reservoir, the reservoir and migration mechanism of shale gas reservoir are introduced. Aiming at the coexistence of adsorption gas and free gas in shale gas reservoir, a mathematical model of unsteady percolation of shale gas reservoir considering adsorption and desorption is established based on dual medium model. The point source solution of shale gas reservoir is calculated by Laplace transform. According to the superposition principle of potential, the bottom hole pressure solution after fracturing and revamping at constant production rate is obtained. The results show that the proportion of adsorption and desorption amount in shale gas production is large, and the pressure difference required for constant production is small after considering adsorption desorption. When the pressure wave propagates to the boundary, the grooves of the pressure derivative curve become more obvious. At the same time, the production of the fracturing horizontal well is larger and the longer the stable production time is, the larger the adsorption volume of Langmuir is, the slower the pressure wave propagation is, and the smaller the pressure difference is. The deeper the grooves of the pressure derivative curve, the more the Langmuir adsorption pressure must be analyzed in conjunction with the formation pressure. At the same time, according to the characteristics of shale gas reservoirs of Lower Silurian Longmaxi formation in Weiyuan-Changning area, Sichuan Province, a combined model of shale gas reservoirs and fracturing zones is established. The gas seepage model of gas reservoir under the combined effect of Knudsen diffusion of isothermal adsorption and slippage effect is derived. For the fracturing zone, the principle of source and sink reaction is adopted. The gas percolation model of horizontal well fracturing zone considering interfracturing interference is derived, and the productivity prediction model of fractured horizontal well in shale gas reservoir is obtained, and the simulation calculation is carried out in this area, and the fracture optimization parameters of horizontal well in this area are obtained. Finally, the factors affecting shale gas well productivity are analyzed and summarized from the aspects of geological physical properties and development. Furthermore, by using orthogonal test method, 25 groups of orthogonal experiments are carried out by selecting four factors. The results of range calculation show that the matrix permeability and fracture half-length weight is large. The weight of fracture spacing and adsorption ratio is small, which coincides with the order of influence in the sensitive parameter analysis table of American A.Kalantari-Dahaghi on shale gas production, which verifies the reliability of productivity prediction model and has certain guiding significance for shale gas development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357

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