發(fā)布時間：2018-04-27 19:30

  本文選題：頁巖 + 水平井��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：水平井技術(shù)是頁巖氣勘探開發(fā)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一,而水平井技術(shù)中的鉆井液技術(shù),尤其是穩(wěn)定頁巖氣井壁的鉆井液技術(shù)又是頁巖氣技術(shù)近年來的研究熱點(diǎn),是長期制約水平井成本和開發(fā)效益的核心和難點(diǎn)。頁巖氣水平井鉆井過程中存在長水平段垮塌問題,多采用油基鉆井液作為鉆井液使用,但油基鉆井液成本較高,影響到頁巖氣的開發(fā)鉆井效益。 本文針對長寧龍馬溪易塌頁巖地層,選取長寧地區(qū)龍馬溪組露頭頁巖為研究對象,首先采用理化分析方法和X射線衍射分析了頁巖的基本物性特征,然后對頁巖的致塌機(jī)理結(jié)合巖石力學(xué)理論進(jìn)行了分析,澄清了頁巖封堵和抑制的防塌機(jī)理界限,提出了以封堵重力水和毛細(xì)水孔隙阻止靜水壓力傳遞的觀點(diǎn)。實(shí)驗研究了頁巖礦物組成對黏土水化防膨規(guī)律的影響以及幾大類頁巖水化抑制劑抑制黏土晶層膨脹的規(guī)律,對頁巖地層鉆井坍塌壓力進(jìn)行了研究,建立以坍塌壓力、坍塌周期優(yōu)化鉆井液的方法,包括優(yōu)化鉆井液成分、優(yōu)化鉆井液密度、優(yōu)化鉆井方位、優(yōu)化長水平段的鉆井周期等。 通過對頁巖致塌機(jī)理和防塌機(jī)理研究,取得了以下認(rèn)識： (1)龍馬溪頁巖黏土礦物總量相對較低,主要以非膨脹礦物伊利石為主,含少量伊蒙混層,因此頁巖的水化膨脹較弱,頁巖存在軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面和孔隙壓力傳遞導(dǎo)致微裂縫擴(kuò)展,頁巖分散破裂,從而導(dǎo)致頁巖整體強(qiáng)度降低才是破壞主因。 (2)頁巖中水的存在狀態(tài)有結(jié)合水和自由水兩種形式,抑制解決的是結(jié)合水部分,封堵解決的只是自由水部分,自由水部分又包括重力水和毛細(xì)水,以0.1μm孔徑為界限,小于0.1μm則毛細(xì)水不能通過,通過的只是結(jié)合水,結(jié)合水不能傳遞靜水壓力,因此從阻止靜水壓傳遞只要封堵能將頁巖所有孔隙水轉(zhuǎn)變成毛細(xì)孔隙水及界限以下的結(jié)合孔隙水即理論上能阻止靜水壓傳遞。 (3)頁巖抑制劑的抑制能力與頁巖中蒙脫石含量有關(guān),大多數(shù)抑制劑隨蒙脫石含量增加抑制能力減弱,硅酸鉀的抑制能力不受蒙脫石含量的影響。 (4)頁巖的層理結(jié)構(gòu)和微裂縫發(fā)育使其巖石學(xué)和巖石力學(xué)特征呈現(xiàn)宏觀和微觀的彈性各向異性和強(qiáng)度各向異性,因此存在一個最優(yōu)井斜穿越不穩(wěn)定層。 (5)頁巖的微裂縫通道是壓力傳遞的主要通道,井周應(yīng)力傳遞和傳質(zhì)傳能過程中巖石強(qiáng)度降低使其存在一定的穩(wěn)定周期,結(jié)合坍塌周期圖版研究龍馬溪易塌頁巖地層坍塌周期,油基鉆井液防塌周期較強(qiáng)抑制強(qiáng)封堵的水基鉆井液防塌周期長,只有在防塌周期內(nèi)通過該地層,并在最佳時間內(nèi)完成完井任務(wù)。
[Abstract]:Horizontal well technology is one of the key technologies in shale gas exploration and development, and drilling fluid technology, especially drilling fluid technology for stabilizing shale gas sidewall, is a hot research topic in shale gas technology in recent years. It is the core and difficulty to restrict the cost and development benefit of horizontal well for a long time. During the drilling process of shale gas horizontal wells there exists the problem of long horizontal section collapse. Oil based drilling fluid is often used as drilling fluid but the cost of oil based drilling fluid is high which affects the drilling efficiency of shale gas development. In this paper, the outcrop shale of Longmaxi formation in Changning area is selected as the research object. Firstly, the basic physical properties of the shale are analyzed by physicochemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. Then, the collapse mechanism of shale is analyzed in combination with rock mechanics theory, and the limits of anti-collapse mechanism of shale plugging and restraining are clarified, and the viewpoint of blocking gravity water and capillary water pore to prevent hydrostatic pressure transfer is put forward. The influence of shale mineral composition on the hydration and anti-swelling law of clay and the laws of several kinds of shale hydration inhibitors inhibiting the expansion of clay crystal layer are studied experimentally. The drilling collapse pressure of shale formation is studied and the collapse pressure is established. The methods of drilling fluid optimization in collapse cycle include optimizing drilling fluid composition, optimizing drilling fluid density, optimizing drilling azimuth, optimizing drilling period in long horizontal section, etc. Through the study of shale collapse mechanism and anti-collapse mechanism, the following understandings have been obtained: (1) the total amount of clay minerals in Longmaxi shale is relatively low, mainly composed of non-expansive Illite with a small amount of immified layer, so the hydration expansion of shale is weak, and the shale has weak structural plane and pore pressure transfer, which leads to the microfracture expansion. The main cause of the failure is the scattered fracture of shale, which leads to the decrease of the overall strength of shale. (2) the existence of water in shale is in the form of combined water and free water, the inhibition solution is the binding water part, the plugging solution is only the free water part, the free water part includes gravity water and capillary water, and the limit is 0.1 渭 m pore size. If it is less than 0.1 渭 m, the capillary water cannot pass through, but only through the bound water, the combined water can not transfer the hydrostatic pressure, Therefore, the hydrostatic pressure transfer can be prevented theoretically by blocking all pore water in shale into capillary pore water and combining pore water below the limit. (3) the inhibition ability of shale inhibitor is related to the content of montmorillonite in shale. The inhibition ability of most inhibitors decreases with the increase of montmorillonite content, but the inhibition ability of potassium silicate is not affected by the content of montmorillonite. (4) the stratification structure and microfracture development of shale make its petrology and rock mechanics feature macroscopic and microscopic elastic anisotropy and strength anisotropy, so there is an optimal well crossing through unstable layer. (5) the micro-fracture passage of shale is the main channel of pressure transfer, and the rock strength decreases in the process of stress transfer and mass transfer energy transfer around the well, which leads to a certain stable period. Combined with the collapse cycle chart, the collapse cycle of the easily collapsible shale formation in Longmaxi is studied. The anti-sloughing period of oil-based drilling fluid is stronger than that of water-based drilling fluid with strong plugging. The anti-sloughing period of water-based drilling fluid is long and only passes through the formation during the anti-sloughing period and completes the completion task in the best time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE254

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本文編號：1812015