本文選題：輸氣站場 + 安全儀表��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：輸氣站場作為整個天然氣管輸系統(tǒng)的樞紐,是保障整個輸氣系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵部分。安全儀表系統(tǒng)完整性評估技術(shù)(Safety Integrity Level, SIL)作為完整性管理的重要部分是保障輸氣站場安全可靠運(yùn)行的有效措施之一。在SIL的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中主要存在安全儀表系統(tǒng)(Safety Instrumented System, SIS)是否設(shè)置合理的問題。目前,我國SIL發(fā)展處于起步階段,尚未形成安全儀表功能應(yīng)用體系,更沒有針對輸氣站場SIL評估的整體方法及相應(yīng)的驗(yàn)證軟件。 針對以上問題,基于功能安全影響因素,結(jié)合我國輸氣站場實(shí)際情況,研究SIL定級與SIL驗(yàn)證方法,建立輸氣站場SIL評估流程,編寫SIL驗(yàn)證輔助軟件,為我國輸氣站場SIL評估提供理論與技術(shù)支持,具體研究內(nèi)容與取得的主要成果如下： (1)功能安全影響因素分析。對失效模式、冗余表決結(jié)構(gòu)、共因失效、自診斷、維修模式、周期性功能測試、結(jié)構(gòu)約束、失效數(shù)據(jù)等功能安全影響因素進(jìn)行分析。明確失效率、維修模式、共因失效及結(jié)構(gòu)約束對我國輸氣站場SIL評估結(jié)果可能造成較大影響。 (2)SIL定級方法研究。對矩陣法、風(fēng)險圖法、保護(hù)層法(Layer Of Protection Analysis, LOPA)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了比較,確定了精確度高的LOPA法作為輸氣站場SIL定級的方法,并建立輸氣站場安全儀表系統(tǒng)SIL定級流程。采用PHA-Pro8軟件對成佳輸氣站場進(jìn)行LOPA法進(jìn)行SIL定級,得出1個安全儀表功能(Safety Instrumented Function, SIF)為SIL3,3個SIF為SIL2,1個為SIL1,其他為無要求。 (3)SIL驗(yàn)證模型研究�；诠δ馨踩绊懸蛩胤治�,針對共因失效問題,將冗余表決結(jié)構(gòu)影響因子引入β因子模型中,建立共因失效綜合模型。針對失效率為常數(shù)問題,引入基于D-S證據(jù)理論的Markov模型。針對維修為理想模式問題,以1oo2結(jié)構(gòu)為例,建立非理想維修模式的Markov模型。 (4)建立輸氣站場SIL驗(yàn)證流程。針對輸氣站場安全儀表常用的冗余表決結(jié)構(gòu),建立1oo1、1oo2、2oo3、2oo2及l(fā)oo1D結(jié)構(gòu)的D-S Markov模型及包括結(jié)構(gòu)約束的SIL驗(yàn)證流程。對成佳站SIS進(jìn)行SIL驗(yàn)證,得出5個SIF只能達(dá)到SIL1的等級,其中4個SIF不滿足要求。 (5)SIL驗(yàn)證軟件的編寫�；�(1)～(4)的研究,采用VB6.0程序語言編寫了SIL驗(yàn)證軟件,包含1oo1、1oo2、2oo3、2oo2及l(fā)oo1D冗余表決結(jié)構(gòu),可選擇Markov模型、D-S Markov模型、β因子模型及共因失效綜合模型,對SIL等級進(jìn)行驗(yàn)算,為輸氣站場的SIL驗(yàn)證提供技術(shù)支持。 通過對成佳輸氣站場的SIL評估,證明該流程與軟件有較好的工程實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:As the hub of the whole natural gas pipeline system, the gas transmission station is the key part to ensure the normal operation of the whole gas transmission system. As an important part of integrity management, Safety Integrity level (sil) is one of the effective measures to ensure the safe and reliable operation of gas transmission station. In the practical application of SIL, there is the problem of whether the safety Instrumented system is reasonable. At present, the development of SIL in China is in its infancy, and the application system of safety instrumentation function has not been formed, and there is no overall method and corresponding verification software for the SIL evaluation of gas transmission station. In view of the above problems, based on the influencing factors of functional safety, combined with the actual situation of gas transmission station in China, this paper studies the SIL grading and SIL verification methods, establishes the SIL evaluation process of the gas transmission station, and compiles the SIL verification assistant software. It provides theoretical and technical support for SIL evaluation of gas transmission station in China. The specific research contents and main results obtained are as follows: Analysis of influencing factors of functional safety. Failure mode, redundant voting structure, common cause failure, self-diagnosis, maintenance mode, periodic function testing, structure constraint, failure data and other functional safety factors are analyzed. The failure rate, maintenance mode, common cause failure and structural constraints may have a great impact on the SIL evaluation results of gas transmission stations in China. Study on sil grading method. The advantages and disadvantages of matrix method, risk map method and layer Of Protection Analysis, LOPA) method are compared, and the LOPA method with high accuracy is determined as the SIL grading method of gas transmission station, and the SIL grading process of gas transmission station safety instrument system is established. By using PHA-Pro8 software to grade Chengjia gas transmission station by LOPA method, it is concluded that the safety Instrumented Function, SIF) of one safety instrument is SIL3, three SIF is SIL2, one is SIL1, and the other is not required. Study on sil verification model. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of functional safety, the influence factors of redundant voting structure are introduced into the 尾 factor model for the common cause failure problem, and a common factor failure synthesis model is established. To solve the problem that failure rate is constant, Markov model based on D-S evidence theory is introduced. Aiming at the problem that maintenance is an ideal mode, the Markov model of non-ideal maintenance mode is established by taking the 1oo2 structure as an example. The SIL verification process of gas transmission station is established. Aiming at the redundant voting structure of gas transmission station safety instruments, the D-S Markov model of 1oo1O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2O2and loo1D structure and the SIL verification process including structural constraints are established. By SIL verification of SIS in Chengjia station, it is concluded that 5 SIF can only reach the level of SIL1, and 4 SIF can not meet the requirements. Development of sil verification software. Based on the research, the SIL verification software is compiled by using VB6.0 program language, which includes 1oo1C 1oo2O2O2O2O3O2O2 and loo1D redundant voting structure. The Markov model, D-S Markov model, 尾 factor model and Synthetical model of common cause failure can be selected to check and calculate the SIL grade. Provide technical support for SIL verification of gas transmission station. Through the SIL evaluation of Chengjia Gas Transmission Station, it is proved that the flow and software have good engineering practicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE832.2

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