本文選題：麻瘋籽油 + 固體催化劑　； 參考：《江南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物柴油作為一種新型能源,具有清潔環(huán)保、可再生性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn),對(duì)解決石化能源短缺及環(huán)境污染等問題具有重要意義。目前,工業(yè)化的生物柴油主要是通過(guò)均相酸、堿催化酯交換法反應(yīng)制備的。然而,與傳統(tǒng)的均相催化法相比,固體酸、堿催化因具有反應(yīng)后處理簡(jiǎn)單、對(duì)環(huán)境友好等特點(diǎn),成為了當(dāng)今社會(huì)的研究熱點(diǎn)。本文通過(guò)共沉淀法和浸漬法制備固體酸、堿催化劑,以麻瘋籽油為原料,系統(tǒng)地研究了固體催化劑在生物柴油制備中的應(yīng)用。首先,采用共沉淀法和浸漬法制備固體酸、堿催化劑,優(yōu)化制備條件,并進(jìn)行表征。研究表明,固體酸Ti(SO4)2-Zr(SO4)2/Si O2及固體堿K2CO3/Mg O-Al2O3具有較高的催化活性。以Si O2為載體,當(dāng)硫酸鈦與硫酸鋯的配比滿足nT i:nZr=3:1,焙燒溫度為300°C時(shí),固體酸Ti(SO4)2-Zr(SO4)2/Si O2催化效果較好;當(dāng)硝酸鎂與硝酸鋁鹽溶液的配比滿足nMg:nAl=3:1,碳酸鉀負(fù)載量為25%,焙燒溫度為550°C時(shí),固體堿K2CO3/Mg O-Al2O3的催化效果較好。固體酸的表征結(jié)果表明,硫酸鋯和硫酸鈦以Si-O-Ti鍵和Si-O-Zr鍵的形式負(fù)載到Si O2載體表面,形成復(fù)合型催化劑;固體酸微粒呈規(guī)則圓球形,大小均勻,粒徑為200~400 nm;固體堿的表征結(jié)果表明,焙燒后形成的復(fù)合氧化物Mg(Al)-O-K及K2O是提高催化劑活性的原因;固體堿微粒為層片狀,大小為200~500 nm。其次,以麻瘋籽油為原料,研究固體催化劑在生物柴油制備中的應(yīng)用。研究表明,固體酸-堿兩步催化法適用于催化麻瘋籽油制備生物柴油,其中,固體酸催化預(yù)酯化反應(yīng)的最優(yōu)工藝為:催化劑用量2.0%,醇油摩爾比12:1,溫度75°C,時(shí)間2 h,酸值可由10 mg KOH/g降為0.78 mg KOH/g,酯化率達(dá)92.73%;在預(yù)酯化反應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上,固體堿催化酯交換反應(yīng)的最優(yōu)工藝為:催化劑用量2.0%,醇油摩爾比12:1,溫度65°C,時(shí)間2 h,轉(zhuǎn)化率為95.98%。最后,以固體酸催化預(yù)酯化反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物為原料,研究固體堿催化酯交換反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué),測(cè)定其反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物的主要性能指標(biāo)。結(jié)果表明,在溫度為60°C、65°C及70°C時(shí),固體堿催化酯交換反應(yīng)的速率方程分別為:-rA=0.01512C0.7094,-rA=0.01785C0.7138,-rA=0.02194C0.8253;反應(yīng)的活化能為35.35 KJ/mol。反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物的測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)固體酸-堿兩步法催化后,麻瘋籽油可轉(zhuǎn)化為生物柴油,并且生物柴油性能良好,符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)行生物柴油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB/T 20828-2014)。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy, biodiesel has the characteristics of clean and environmental protection, strong reproducibility, which is of great significance to solve the problems of petrochemical energy shortage and environmental pollution. At present, industrial biodiesel is mainly prepared by homogeneous acid and alkali-catalyzed transesterification. However, compared with the traditional homogeneous catalytic method, solid acid and alkali catalysis has become the focus of research because of its advantages of simple post-treatment and friendly to the environment. In this paper, solid acid and alkali catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation. The application of solid catalysts in the preparation of biodiesel was systematically studied using leprosy seed oil as raw material. First, solid acid and alkali catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and impregnation method, and the preparation conditions were optimized and characterized. The results show that solid acid Ti(SO4)2-Zr(SO4)2/Si O 2 and solid base K2CO3/Mg O-Al2O3 have high catalytic activity. When the ratio of titanium sulfate and zirconium sulfate to zirconium sulfate is 3: 1 and the calcination temperature is 300 擄C, the catalytic effect of solid acid Ti(SO4)2-Zr(SO4)2/Si O 2 is better, when the ratio of magnesium nitrate and aluminum nitrate solution meets nmg: n AlN 3: 1, the loading amount of potassium carbonate is 25 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1801771