本文選題：氣侵檢測 + 超聲波��； 參考：《電子科技大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：氣侵檢測是石油鉆井安全中的一個重要組成部分,也是當前石油天然氣開采井控安全研究領域的一個研究熱點。傳統(tǒng)氣侵檢測方法基于井口鉆井液流速變化,檢測結(jié)果延遲性較高;而基于井下參數(shù)的最新氣侵檢測方法則需要對舊的鉆井工藝設備進行更新,成本較高,難以快速應用。針對深海鉆井,在泥線處通過非介入式流量計進行氣侵檢測的方法是目前成本較低,實時性較強的一種可行方案。本文在此基礎上,對泥線處使用超聲波進行非侵入式氣侵檢測的理論及方法進行了全面研究。根據(jù)研究層次的不同,本文主要包括氣侵檢測理論方法,檢測應用方案以及驗證實驗三個方面。在檢測理論方法上,本文提出基于連續(xù)型超聲波流速,空隙率以及氣侵檢測的一套完整的理論及方法。首先根據(jù)氣侵模型,垂直管道內(nèi)氣液多相流以及超聲波相關理論,對連續(xù)超聲波在環(huán)空管內(nèi)泥漿與甲烷多相流中的傳播特性,反射特性,多普勒效應等進行了分析。然后根據(jù)波形轉(zhuǎn)換理論以及板波相關理論,從理論上推導了環(huán)空管管內(nèi)泥漿中反射體反射的超聲波信號能夠在入射管壁時生成板波,并且板波的幅度與反射超聲波入射角度相關�；谶@些理論分析的結(jié)果,結(jié)合不同流型狀態(tài)下氣泡分布,流體中質(zhì)點速度分量分布,接收超聲波信號與超聲波入射,反射角度,距離,衰減特性等多方面因素構建了一種基于均勻分布的連續(xù)超聲波反射模型。通過該模型將接收到的反射信號幅度,頻譜與環(huán)空管內(nèi)流體流速,空隙率,流型建立確定性關系,并推導出了相應的數(shù)學表達式。最后根據(jù)這些理論基礎,提出了一套基于板波檢測對深海鉆井過程中泥線處環(huán)空管內(nèi)泥漿及氣液兩相液的泥漿流速,空隙率的超聲波檢測算法。同時提出了一個先利用流速,空隙率變化來對氣侵進行初步判定,然后根據(jù)接收信號頻譜形狀識別流型變化來進行氣侵檢測的兩級氣侵預警檢測方法。最后通過泥漿中的固相巖石碎屑與氣泡在超聲波反射特性,密度,形變特性上的不同進行了總結(jié),對固相與氣相進行區(qū)分的可行性進行了分析,提出以基于氣泡與固相顆粒在形變特性上的區(qū)別,從而通過流型變化來進行區(qū)分的檢測方法。在檢測應用方案上,提出了分別基于單檢測設備以及多檢測設備的一套完整的氣侵檢測綜合應用方案。該方案包括了檢測裝置安裝方法,通信方式,氣侵分級報警檢測算法,硬件設計與軟件設計等各個方面。其中氣侵分級檢測算法綜合了流速,空隙率以及流體流型檢測三方面的檢測結(jié)果,并且在邏輯上依據(jù)氣侵過程對檢測結(jié)果進行了分級驗證。通過不同的報警級別,將檢測算法在實時性與準確性上進行了很好地平衡。在實驗驗證方面,本文設計了清水以及泥漿兩套氣侵模擬實驗平臺。其中清水實驗平臺設計有透明觀察窗口,用于對本文所提出的基礎理論與方法進行了驗證。在清水實驗平臺中,本文設計了空管實驗,檢測位置以及塑料小球等實驗,驗證了板波的存在性,以及其頻譜與管內(nèi)流體中反射體速度,大小之間的確定性關系。同時也間接驗證了本文所提出的檢測模型的正確性。而泥漿模擬實驗平臺能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)定量加氣以及壓力的精確控制。在泥漿實驗平臺上本文設計了流速實驗,空隙率實驗,以及對甲烷氣侵過程進行模擬的溶解與析出實驗。其中流速實驗結(jié)果顯示,本文所提出的流速檢測方法能夠?qū)δ酀{流速進行精確檢測,測量結(jié)果與靶式流量計(介入式)的最大相對誤差10%,而空隙率實驗結(jié)果顯示本文所提出的檢測方法能夠有效檢測空隙率在3%以上的氣侵情況。溶解與析出實驗中首先向循環(huán)管道中流量定量天然氣,然而再通過精確的加壓與降壓控制,對氣侵過程中甲烷氣體在泥漿中溶解與析出,氣體體壓縮與膨脹過程進行了真實的模擬。通過在模擬過程中,檢測信號的幅度以及流型變化對本文所提出的氣侵檢測方法的有效性進行了驗證。最后對本項目實驗過程中的一些特殊現(xiàn)象進行了闡述與說明,并對實驗過程中所存在的問題與不足提出了未來研究的研究方向與解決思路。
[Abstract]:Gas invasion detection is an important part of the safety of oil drilling, and it is also a hot spot in the field of well control safety in oil and gas mining. The traditional gas invasion detection method is based on the change of the flow velocity of well drilling fluid, and the delay of detection results is high, while the latest gas intrusion detection method based on the number of underground parameters needs the old drill. The well process equipment is updated with high cost and difficult to be applied quickly. For deep sea drilling, the method of gas invasion detection by non intrusive flowmeter at the mud line is a feasible scheme with low cost and strong real time. On this basis, the theory and prescription of non-invasive gas invasion detection using ultrasonic wave at the mud line are carried out on this basis. According to the different level of research, this paper mainly includes three aspects of gas invasion detection theory, detection application and verification experiment. In the detection theory and method, this paper proposes a complete set of theories and methods based on continuous ultrasonic velocity, voidage and gas invasion detection. The characteristics of the propagation, reflection and Doppler effect of continuous ultrasonic wave in the mud and methane multiphase flow in the annular tube are analyzed. Then the reflection of the reflector in the mud in the annular tube is theoretically derived according to the theory of wave conversion and the theory of plate wave correlation. The ultrasonic signal can generate the plate wave at the incident tube wall, and the amplitude of the plate wave is related to the reflection angle of the ultrasonic wave. Based on the results of these theoretical analysis, the distribution of the particle velocity component in the fluid in different flow pattern States, the distribution of the velocity component of the particle in the fluid, the reception of the ultrasonic signal and the hyper acoustic incident, the reflection angle, the distance, attenuation characteristic and so on. A continuous ultrasonic reflection model based on uniform distribution is constructed by the surface factor. Through this model, the amplitude of the reflected signal, the frequency spectrum is determined by the flow velocity, the void rate and the flow pattern in the annular tube, and the corresponding mathematical expressions are derived. Finally, a set of plate wave detection based on these theoretical bases is proposed. In the process of deep sea drilling, the ultrasonic detection algorithm of mud flow velocity and void fraction in the mud and gas-liquid two phase fluid at the mud line at the mud line is also proposed. At the same time, a preliminary determination of the gas invasion is made by using the flow velocity and the change of air gap rate, and then the two stage gas invasion early warning of gas invasion detection is carried out according to the spectrum shape of the received signal to identify the gas invasion. In the end, the difference between solid phase rock debris and bubbles in the ultrasonic reflection characteristics, density and deformation characteristics is summarized. The feasibility of separating solid phase from gas phase is analyzed, and the difference between bubble and solid particle based on the deformation characteristics is proposed, and the difference between the flow pattern and the flow pattern will be distinguished. In the detection application, a comprehensive application scheme of gas intrusion detection based on single detection equipment and multiple detection equipment is proposed. The scheme includes the installation method of the detection device, the communication mode, the gas invasion classification alarm detection algorithm, the hardware design and the software design, among which the gas invasion classification test is carried out. The measurement method combines the detection results of three aspects of flow velocity, void ratio and fluid flow pattern detection, and logically according to the gas invasion process, the detection results are graded and verified. Through different alarm levels, the detection algorithm is well balanced in real time and accuracy. In the experimental verification, this paper designs clear water. Two sets of simulation experimental platform for gas invasion are designed and the clear observation window is designed for the clear water test platform, which is used to verify the basic theory and method proposed in this paper. In the experiment platform of clean water, the experiment of the air tube experiment, the detection position and the plastic ball are designed in this paper. The existence of the plate wave and its spectrum and tube are verified. The definite relationship between the velocity and size of the reflector in the internal fluid. It also indirectly validates the correctness of the detection model proposed in this paper. The mud simulation experiment platform can achieve the accurate control of the gas flow and the pressure. In the mud experiment platform, the flow velocity testing, the air gap experiment, and the methane gas invasion are designed. The experimental results show that the flow velocity detection method proposed in this paper can accurately detect the flow velocity of the mud, and the maximum relative error between the measurement results and the target flowmeter is 10%, and the gap rate experiment results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the gap. In the dissolution and precipitation experiment, the flow rate of natural gas in the circulating pipeline is first, but the process of gas compression and expansion is simulated by the accurate pressure and pressure control, and the process of gas compression and expansion is simulated. The signal is detected by the simulation process. The validity of the method of gas intrusion detection proposed in this paper is verified by the amplitude and flow pattern changes. Finally, some special phenomena in the process of the project are expounded and explained, and the future research directions and solutions are put forward for the problems and shortcomings in the experiment process.

【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE52;TB559

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 許玉強;管志川;張會增;張洪寧;;深水鉆井氣侵程度實時定量描述方法[J];石油勘探與開發(fā);2016年02期

2 徐朝陽;孟英峰;魏納;李皋;楊謀;劉佳潔;;氣侵過程井筒壓力演變規(guī)律實驗和模型[J];石油學報;2015年01期

3 孟胡;周海峰;王雪;席巖;李文哲;蔣振新;杜琦元;張海波;劉錦江;;氣侵早期檢測新方法[J];科學技術與工程;2014年27期

4 隋秀香;梁羽豐;李軼明;尹邦堂;李相方;;基于多普勒測量技術的深水隔水管氣侵早期監(jiān)測研究[J];石油鉆探技術;2014年05期

5 王毅凡;周密;宋志慧;;水下無線通信技術發(fā)展研究[J];通信技術;2014年06期

6 陳平;馬天壽;;深水鉆井溢流早期監(jiān)測技術研究現(xiàn)狀[J];石油學報;2014年03期

7 張功成;謝曉軍;王萬銀;劉世翔;王一博;董偉;沈懷磊;;中國南海含油氣盆地構造類型及勘探潛力[J];石油學報;2013年04期

8 任美鵬;李相方;徐大融;尹邦堂;;鉆井氣液兩相流體溢流與分布特征研究[J];工程熱物理學報;2012年12期

9 車長波;朱杰;李富兵;周金瑾;;全球油氣資源形勢[J];天然氣工業(yè);2010年01期

10 李相方,莊湘琦,隋秀香,剛濤;氣侵期間環(huán)空氣液兩相流動研究[J];工程熱物理學報;2004年01期

相關博士學位論文 前3條

1 周鋒;水聲擴頻通信關鍵技術研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學;2012年

2 王志遠;含天然氣水合物相變的環(huán)空多相流流型轉(zhuǎn)化機制研究[D];中國石油大學;2009年

3 高永海;深水油氣鉆探井筒多相流動與井控的研究[D];中國石油大學;2007年

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 聶世均;超聲波在泥漿中的傳輸規(guī)律研究[D];中國石油大學;2007年

，

本文編號：1799649