本文選題：鉆井 + 水平井��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國(guó)家對(duì)油氣資源需求的不斷增長(zhǎng)和現(xiàn)階段勘探開發(fā)的需要,各大油田通常選用水平井、大位移井等作為勘探開發(fā)方案,實(shí)現(xiàn)由淺層常規(guī)易開發(fā)油氣儲(chǔ)層向深部難動(dòng)用儲(chǔ)層勘探開發(fā)推進(jìn)。水平井、大位移井復(fù)雜的井身結(jié)構(gòu)限制了常規(guī)井下動(dòng)力鉆具組合在鉆進(jìn)中所能到達(dá)的深度,因此如何應(yīng)對(duì)深部地層鉆井過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的井下復(fù)雜情況并保證鉆井成功率是目前亟待解決的問(wèn)題。 本文深入調(diào)研了國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)現(xiàn)有的鉆井提速方法和工具進(jìn)行了優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適應(yīng)性分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了水平井、.大位移井鉆井施工難點(diǎn)和摩阻影響因素,最終確定以減摩降阻作為解決方案來(lái)提高機(jī)械鉆速,并據(jù)此設(shè)計(jì)了一種脈沖振蕩減摩器。 脈沖振蕩減摩器的工作原理：結(jié)構(gòu)中的PDM(容積式馬達(dá))動(dòng)力單元驅(qū)動(dòng)動(dòng)閥盤轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),該閥盤具有一偏置的孔眼,動(dòng)閥盤下面是一個(gè)具有中心孔的靜閥盤,動(dòng)／靜閥盤的相互運(yùn)動(dòng)致使過(guò)流面積不斷改變,產(chǎn)生壓力脈沖引起軸向振動(dòng),最終從該工具傳出,破除管柱和井壁之間的靜摩阻。脈沖振蕩減摩器與震擊工具一起使用,可以產(chǎn)生集中的軸向震擊力。 為了驗(yàn)證脈沖振蕩減摩器的可行性,本文使用計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析軟件ANSYS FLUENT14.0對(duì)該工具內(nèi)部腔室的運(yùn)動(dòng)流場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的數(shù)值模擬與分析,結(jié)果表明：工具內(nèi)流場(chǎng)壓力產(chǎn)生合理波動(dòng),活塞面壓力與閥門水力直徑關(guān)系符合設(shè)計(jì)要求。使用“鉆井作業(yè)管柱力學(xué)分析軟件”計(jì)算扭矩和軸向力以及管柱屈曲狀態(tài),結(jié)果表明：脈沖振蕩減摩器可以有效地減小扭矩?fù)p耗,在水平段合適的位置使用該工具可以消除管柱的正弦屈曲和螺旋屈曲等問(wèn)題達(dá)到理想的預(yù)期效果。數(shù)值模擬分析的結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了脈沖振蕩減摩器作用機(jī)理的正確性。該工具作為一種新的有效的井下軸向脈沖振蕩力發(fā)生裝置主要用于水平井鉆井,能夠達(dá)到減摩降阻、減小卡鉆風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、提高機(jī)械鉆速、加強(qiáng)鉆具的定向能力、避免敏感設(shè)備的破壞、可靠性高等效果。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for oil and gas resources and the need for exploration and development at this stage, the major oilfields usually choose horizontal wells and extended displacement wells as exploration and development schemes. The exploration and development of shallow conventional and easy-to-exploit oil and gas reservoirs to the deep hard-to-use reservoirs are realized. The complex wellbore structure of horizontal well and extended reach well limits the depth that can be reached by conventional downhole power drilling tool combination. Therefore, how to deal with the complex downhole situation in deep formation drilling and ensure the success rate of drilling is an urgent problem to be solved. In this paper, the current research situation at home and abroad is investigated, and the advantages, disadvantages and adaptability of existing drilling speed raising methods and tools are analyzed. On this basis, the horizontal well is analyzed. In order to improve the drilling speed, a pulse oscillation friction reducer is designed based on the difficulty of drilling operation and the factors affecting friction resistance in long reach well drilling, and the ultimate solution is to reduce friction and reduce friction. The working principle of the pulse oscillation friction reducer: the PDM (volumetric motor) power unit in the structure drives the moving valve disc, which has a offset hole hole, and a static valve disc with a center hole under the moving valve disc. The movement of the dynamic / static valve disc causes the continuous change of the flow area and the axial vibration caused by the pressure pulse. Finally, the static and frictional resistance between the string and the shaft wall is broken out from the tool. Pulse oscillation friction reducer combined with shock tools can produce concentrated axial shock force. In order to verify the feasibility of the pulse oscillation friction reducer, a detailed numerical simulation and analysis of the moving flow field in the chamber of the tool is carried out by using the computational fluid dynamics analysis software ANSYS FLUENT14.0. The results show that the flow field pressure in the tool fluctuates reasonably and the relationship between the piston surface pressure and the hydraulic diameter of the valve meets the design requirements. The torque, axial force and buckling state of pipe string are calculated by "drilling string Mechanics Analysis Software". The results show that the pulse oscillation friction reducer can effectively reduce the torque loss. The sinusoidal buckling and spiral buckling of the pipe string can be eliminated by using this tool in the proper position of the horizontal section, and the desired results can be achieved. The results of numerical simulation verify the correctness of the mechanism of pulse oscillation friction reducer. As a new and effective downhole axial pulse oscillation force generator, the tool is mainly used in horizontal well drilling, which can reduce friction and resistance, reduce the risk of drilling jam, improve the drilling speed, and strengthen the directional ability of drilling tools. Avoid the damage of sensitive equipment, high reliability and other effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE92

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