發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-22 22:36

  本文選題：二乙烯三胺五乙酸 + 多聚兩性表面活性劑��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)單鏈表面活性劑,雙子(Gemini)表面活性劑具有更獨(dú)特的性質(zhì),例如,表面活性大,極易吸附在氣-液界面上；臨界膠束濃度比普通表面活性劑低兩到三個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí),更易形成膠束；分子中含有多個(gè)親水基團(tuán),具有更好的低溫溶解性能,Kraffl點(diǎn)低；與普通表面活性劑復(fù)配,可產(chǎn)生更大的協(xié)同效應(yīng)等。此類表面活性劑在清潔壓裂液開發(fā)及應(yīng)用方面具有較好的前景,并成為表面活性劑研究的熱點(diǎn)之- 本文采用二乙烯三胺五乙酸和氫氧化鈉為原料,以溴代十二烷作為烷基化試劑,異丙醇為溶劑,在80℃條件下,通過(guò)先中和后季銨化反應(yīng),合成了一種含三條疏水碳鏈、三個(gè)季銨鹽離子、五個(gè)羧酸根基團(tuán)的多聚兩性表面活性劑,并對(duì)合成產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了紅外、核磁氫譜分析,結(jié)果表明,合成產(chǎn)物與目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物一致,為N,N’,N”-十二烷基二乙烯三胺五乙酸鈉。 利用吊片法對(duì)不同濃度的N,N’,N”-十二烷基二乙烯三胺五乙酸鈉水溶液表面張力進(jìn)行測(cè)試,得出：表面活性劑N,N’,N”-十二烷基二乙烯三胺五乙酸鈉水溶液臨界膠束濃度CMC為1.1×10-4mmo1/L,臨界表面張力γCMCc為32.6mN/m,最大表面過(guò)剩濃度Γ max和平均每個(gè)分子占有的最小面積Amin分別為2.74×10-6mol/m2、0.61nm2。利用變溫溶解法對(duì)N,N’,N”-十二烷基二乙烯三胺五乙酸鈉在水中溶解性進(jìn)行測(cè)試,結(jié)果表明,該表面活性劑Krafft點(diǎn)低于0℃,即具有較好的低溫溶解性。 利用流變學(xué)方法研究了多聚兩性表面活性劑與陰離子表面活性劑SDS復(fù)配體系在無(wú)機(jī)鹽氯化鉀存在時(shí)的流變學(xué)性質(zhì)。在混合表面活性劑體系中,隨著SDS濃度增加,體系粘度先增加后減小,蠕蟲狀膠束的長(zhǎng)度也呈現(xiàn)出同樣的趨勢(shì),體系中SDS質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.48時(shí),溶液粘度最大；適量的無(wú)機(jī)鹽KC1能夠有效屏蔽表面活性劑分子之間的靜電斥力,從而導(dǎo)致膠束增長(zhǎng),溶液粘度增加,然而過(guò)量的無(wú)機(jī)鹽會(huì)導(dǎo)致膠束破壞,體系粘度顯著下降；并利用cryo-TEM冷凍刻蝕透射電鏡觀察到混合表面活性劑體系十烷基硫酸鈉SDS以及無(wú)機(jī)鹽KCl添加量從低到高的變化過(guò)程中蠕蟲狀膠束的形成、生長(zhǎng)并纏結(jié)成網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)、蠕蟲狀膠束“支化”一系列現(xiàn)象,從而在介觀上解釋了膠束體系松弛時(shí)間τR、零剪切粘度η0、以及平臺(tái)模量Go變化情況。溫度對(duì)膠束體系的流變性能影響最為顯著,隨著溫度上升,膠束長(zhǎng)度逐漸減小,溶液粘度隨之降低。此外,溶液pH=7時(shí),體系粘度值最高。 通過(guò)對(duì)混合表面活性劑溶液流變性能的研究,篩選出一套清潔壓裂液的配方：表面活性劑總質(zhì)量濃度為3.0wt%,其中,多聚兩性表面活性劑質(zhì)量濃度為1.56wt%,陰離子表面活性劑SDS質(zhì)量濃度為1.44wt%,氯化鉀質(zhì)量濃度10wt%,溶液pH值為7。 對(duì)清潔壓裂液進(jìn)行性能評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明,壓裂液體系在88℃、170s-1條件下,剪切一定時(shí)間后,粘度保持在53.6mPa-s左右,體系耐溫耐剪切性能良好；88℃時(shí),單粒砂粒在壓裂液中的靜態(tài)沉降速率為0.498mm/s,體系攜砂性能較好；實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,壓裂液的濾失系數(shù)為4.6×10-4m/min1/2,對(duì)于滲透率相對(duì)較低的巖心,壓裂液濾失量較��；壓裂液破膠速度較快,破膠時(shí)間小于1h,破膠后粘度低于5mPa-s,表、界面張力分別為28.54mN/m、0.93mN/m,破膠液對(duì)巖心滲透率的傷害率為11%,表明該清潔壓裂液能夠滿足88℃以內(nèi)地層壓裂設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:Compared with the traditional single - chain surfactant , the Gemini surfactant has more unique properties , for example , the surface activity is large , and the Gemini surfactant is easily adsorbed on the gas - liquid interface ;
the critical micelle concentration is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the common surfactant , and the micelle is more easily formed ;
the molecule contains a plurality of hydrophilic groups , and has better low - temperature solubility performance and low Kraffl point ;
Compared with the common surfactant , the surface active agent has a good prospect in the development and application of clean fracturing fluid , and is a hot spot in the research of surfactant .

A polyamphoteric surfactant containing three hydrophobic carbon chains , three quaternary ammonium salt ions and five carboxylic acid radical groups was synthesized by using triamine pentaacetic acid and sodium hydroxide as raw materials .

The critical micelle concentration ( CMC ) of N , N ' , N " - dodecyl divinylammonium pentaacetate in different concentrations was tested by the method of hanging plate . The critical micelle concentration CMC of the surfactant N , N ' , N " - dodecyl divinylammonium pentaacetic acid was 1.1 脳 10 - 4mmol / m ~ 2 , and the critical surface tension 緯 CMCc was 2.74 脳 10 - 6 mol / m ~ 2 , 0.61 nm2 . The results showed that the Krafft point of the surfactant was lower than 0 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1789270