本文選題：頁(yè)巖氣 + 地震��； 參考：《中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：四川盆地及周緣上奧陶統(tǒng)五峰組一下志留統(tǒng)龍馬溪組沉積于陸棚相滯流缺氧環(huán)境,而且富含筆石和有機(jī)質(zhì)的黑色泥頁(yè)巖發(fā)育。與美國(guó)頁(yè)巖氣盆地相比,四川盆地及周緣五峰組—龍馬溪組頁(yè)巖具有較為獨(dú)特的地質(zhì)條件,主要表現(xiàn)為志留系頁(yè)巖具有沉積時(shí)代早、經(jīng)歷的地質(zhì)歷史長(zhǎng),并且經(jīng)歷了復(fù)雜的構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)和熱史。通過(guò)近期勘探認(rèn)識(shí),明確四川盆地及周緣頁(yè)巖氣富集高產(chǎn)主控因素包含了富有機(jī)質(zhì)頁(yè)巖的發(fā)育程度、保存條件、含氣性和泥頁(yè)巖的可壓裂性等方面。彭水區(qū)塊地區(qū)南方山地,地表起伏變化大,碳酸巖出露區(qū)地震資料信噪比低,殘留向斜曲率比較大,二維地震資料偏移成像效果較差。采用漸進(jìn)去噪方法的思想,就是在去除的“噪音”中再將其中很微弱的有效信號(hào)提取出來(lái),并將之合理地反饋到地震數(shù)據(jù)中去,從而在去除噪音的基礎(chǔ)上最大程度地保證有效信號(hào)的能量。采用最佳能量疊前時(shí)間偏移技術(shù)頁(yè)巖氣二維地震資料成像效果顯著改善。在對(duì)研究區(qū)內(nèi)井資料的測(cè)井曲線進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,利用測(cè)井曲線計(jì)算出對(duì)應(yīng)的P波阻抗曲線,P波阻抗在高TOC頁(yè)巖層段與其它頁(yè)巖層段段有明顯的區(qū)別,因此P波阻抗對(duì)高TOC頁(yè)巖層有良好的識(shí)別能力,通過(guò)測(cè)井約束稀疏脈沖反演方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)質(zhì)頁(yè)巖厚度預(yù)測(cè),彭水區(qū)塊上奧陶統(tǒng)五峰組一下志留統(tǒng)龍馬溪組下部?jī)?yōu)質(zhì)頁(yè)巖的厚度在21m-25m范圍內(nèi)。正常壓實(shí)地層,隨著深度增加,上覆壓力變大,地層壓實(shí)作用變強(qiáng)致使地層巖石中的孔隙度變小,地震波在孔隙度變小的巖石中傳播速度會(huì)變高,在異常高壓地層中,巖石孔隙度比正常壓實(shí)巖石要大,巖石密度變低,地震波傳播速度會(huì)變小。在精細(xì)速度分析的基礎(chǔ)上,利用Fillippone法對(duì)上奧陶統(tǒng)五峰組一下志留統(tǒng)龍馬溪組壓力系數(shù)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),研究區(qū)壓力系數(shù)整體范圍在0.9—1.15之間,保存條件一般。巖石物理分析表明,彭頁(yè)1井龍馬溪組底部至五峰組(井深2136米-2160米)頁(yè)巖是最為有利的勘探目標(biāo),該段頁(yè)巖具有高TOC,較大有效孔隙度,高脆性和低最小水平閉合壓力等有利特征。巖石物理分析結(jié)果表明,縱橫波速度比是TOC的敏感彈性參數(shù),拉梅常數(shù)*密度是脆性的敏感彈性參數(shù),密度是有效孔隙度的敏感彈性參數(shù),最小水平閉合壓力標(biāo)量屬性可以定性反映最小水平閉合壓力大小;采用疊前反演技術(shù)可以反演以上各敏感彈性參數(shù),并能進(jìn)行定量解釋。劃分TOC含量高低的縱橫波速度比門(mén)檻值為1.67,劃分脆性礦物含量高低的拉梅常數(shù)*密度門(mén)檻值為33Gpa*g/cc或縱橫波速度比1.67。綜合優(yōu)質(zhì)頁(yè)巖厚度、保存條件、含氣性及脆性礦物含量,落實(shí)彭水區(qū)塊桑柘坪向斜一類有利區(qū)263.01Km~2,二類有利區(qū)122.77Km~2。
[Abstract]:The lower Silurian Longmaxi formation in and around the upper Ordovician of Sichuan basin is deposited in the shelf facies anoxic environment and the black shale is rich in graptolite and organic matter. Compared with the American shale gas basins, the Sichuan Basin and the surrounding Wufeng formation-Longmaxi formation shale have more unique geological conditions, mainly because the Silurian shale has an early sedimentary age and a long geological history. And experienced a complex tectonic movement and thermal history. Through the recent exploration, it is clear that the main controlling factors of gas enrichment and high yield in Sichuan basin and peripheral shale include the development degree, preservation condition, gas-bearing property and fracturing ability of shale. In the southern mountainous area of Pengshui block, the surface fluctuates greatly, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data in outburst area of carbonate rock is low, the curvature of residual syncline is relatively large, and the migration imaging effect of two-dimensional seismic data is poor. The idea of gradual de-noising is to extract the weak effective signal from the "noise" and feed it back into the seismic data reasonably. Therefore, on the basis of noise removal, the energy of the effective signal is guaranteed to the maximum extent. The best energy prestack time migration technique is used to improve the imaging effect of shale gas 2D seismic data. Based on the analysis of logging curves of well data in the study area, the corresponding P wave impedance curve and P wave impedance curve are calculated by using the log curves. The P wave impedance curves are obviously different from those of other shale formations in high TOC shale formation. Therefore, P-wave impedance has good recognition ability for high TOC shale formation, and the high quality shale thickness can be predicted by logging constrained sparse pulse inversion method. The thickness of high quality shale in lower part of Silurian Longmaxi formation in upper Ordovician Wufeng formation in Pengshui block is within 21m-25m range. In normal compacted strata, with the increase of depth, the overlying pressure increases, the formation compaction becomes stronger, the porosity of formation rock becomes smaller, the velocity of seismic wave propagates in rock with smaller porosity will become higher, and in the abnormal high-pressure formation, The porosity of rock is larger than that of normal compacted rock, the density of rock becomes lower and the velocity of seismic wave propagation becomes smaller. On the basis of fine velocity analysis, the pressure coefficient of Wufeng formation of Upper Ordovician and Longmaxi formation of Silurian is predicted by Fillippone method. The whole range of pressure coefficient in the study area is between 0.9-1.15, and the preservation conditions are general. The petrophysical analysis shows that the shale from the bottom of Longmaxi formation to Wufeng formation (well depth of 2136 m -2160 m) is the most favorable target for exploration, which has high TOC and high effective porosity. The advantages of high brittleness and low horizontal closure pressure. The results of rock physical analysis show that the velocity ratio of longitudinal and shear waves is a sensitive elastic parameter of TOC, the Lamy constant * density is a sensitive elastic parameter of brittleness, and the density is a sensitive elastic parameter of effective porosity. The minimum horizontal closed pressure scalar attribute can reflect the minimum horizontal closure pressure qualitatively, and the prestack inversion technique can be used to invert the above sensitive elastic parameters and can be quantitatively interpreted. The P / S wave velocity ratio threshold of TOC content is 1. 67, and the Lamy constant * density threshold of brittle mineral content is 33Gpa*g/cc or P / S wave velocity ratio 1. 67. By synthesizing the thickness of high quality shale, preservation conditions, gas content and brittle mineral content, a favorable area of 263.01km ~ (-2) and a favorable area of 122.77km / m ~ (2) in the Sangzuping syncline in Pengshui block are carried out.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13;P631.4

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