本文選題：落地原油 + 熱化學(xué)洗滌��； 參考：《中國石油大學(xué)(華東)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文選擇了熱化學(xué)洗滌和熱裂解作為處理落地原油的核心技術(shù),選取粘土質(zhì)和沙土質(zhì)兩種落地原油進行實驗研究。研究中探討了使用海水作為落地原油處理工藝稀釋劑的方案,為利用海水用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)摸索新方法;海水熱化學(xué)洗滌工藝中通過對七種表面活性劑的篩選、復(fù)配,最終得出最佳藥劑配比,粘土質(zhì)落地原油最佳復(fù)配藥劑為:AEO-9:硅酸鈉:吐溫-80=1:1:1,沙土質(zhì)落地原油最佳復(fù)配藥劑為平平加-20:吐溫-80:硅酸鈉=1:1:1,隨后對液固比、溫度、攪拌速率以及溶液PH等工作條件進行了實驗研究,借助正交實驗安排確定最優(yōu)實驗方案,沙土質(zhì)落地原油平均除油率高達98.13%,粘土質(zhì)落地原油在兩級清洗后平均除油率可增至97.75%;為響應(yīng)國家加大對環(huán)境保護監(jiān)察管制力度的相關(guān)要求,對處理落地原油的污水進行了絮凝凈化研究,通過對單一絮凝劑的篩選,復(fù)配出處理效果最佳的藥劑配比,研究中還考慮了溫度和處理時間的影響,粘土質(zhì)落地原油最佳復(fù)配絮凝劑為DAA:SH:陽離子PAM=1:2:2,最佳處理溫度為70℃,最佳處理時間為2h,平均除油率和平均除固率分別為89.78%、92%,沙土質(zhì)落地原油最佳復(fù)配比為陰離子PAM:DAA:SH=2:1:2,最佳處理溫度為60℃,最佳處理時間為1.5h,平均除油率可達86%,平均除固率為92%;落地原油熱裂解工藝采用自行設(shè)計的裂解爐進行相關(guān)實驗研究,在室內(nèi)實驗條件下,確定了落地原油熱裂解的最終控制溫度為550℃,研究了溫度梯度對裂解油組分的影響并確定了最佳升溫速率為20℃/min,對熱裂解過程中產(chǎn)生的裂解氣和冷凝油分別采用氣相色譜儀法和模擬蒸餾法進行分析,研究結(jié)果證明未凝氣體中輕組分含量較高,回收利用價值較大;從經(jīng)濟角度考慮,對海水熱化學(xué)洗滌工藝和熱裂解工藝的運行費用進行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)海水熱化學(xué)洗滌工藝的運行費用較低,可作為處理落地原油的首選工藝。
[Abstract]:In this paper, thermochemical washing and pyrolysis are selected as the core technology to treat landed crude oil, and two kinds of landed crude oil, clay and sandy soil, are selected for experimental study.The scheme of using seawater as diluent in crude oil treatment process is discussed in this paper. In order to explore a new method for industrial production of seawater, seven surfactants are selected and mixed in seawater thermochemical washing process.Finally, the optimum mixture ratio of clay to ground crude oil is: 1: AEO-9: sodium silicate: Tween-80 1: 1: 1: 1: 1; and the best mixture of sandy ground crude oil is Pingping + -20: Tween -80: sodium silicate 1: 1. Then the ratio of liquid to solid and the temperature.The stirring rate and pH of the solution were studied experimentally, and the optimal experimental scheme was determined by orthogonal experimental arrangement.The average oil removal rate of sandy ground crude oil is as high as 98.13 and the average oil removal rate of clay landing crude oil can increase to 97.75 after two-stage washing. In order to respond to the relevant requirements of the state to strengthen the supervision and control of environmental protection,The flocculation and purification of sewage treated with crude oil was studied. Through the screening of single flocculant, the optimum mixture ratio was obtained. The effects of temperature and treatment time were also considered in the study.The optimum flocculant of clay ground crude oil is DAA: SH: cationic PAM1: 2: 2, and the best treatment temperature is 70 鈩，

本文編號：1772984