本文選題：異相型游梁式抽油機 + 虛擬樣機測試　； 參考：《長安大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：游梁式抽油機是一種機械式采油裝置,它的核心工作機構是曲柄搖桿機構,因為游梁驢頭的往復擺動像是在磕頭一般,所以游梁式抽油機也俗稱“磕頭機”。它是游梁式抽油機采油系統(tǒng)的地面部分,通過抽油桿柱與井下部分的抽油泵配合將地下的原油抽汲到地面上來。目前,游梁式抽油機占全部機械采油井的80%以上,但是存在總體效率低的問題,我國是能源消耗大國,隨著能源日益緊缺,完善和發(fā)展游梁式抽油機節(jié)能研究,對于抽油機井節(jié)能降耗、提高經(jīng)濟效益具有重要意義。本文針對某型號異相型曲柄平衡游梁式抽油機進行研究,對其進行了運動學和動力學理論分析和虛擬樣機測試與有限元仿真分析,并以游梁式抽油機最大輸入功率最小為目標函數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化分析。首先根據(jù)異相型游梁式抽油機的結構和工作原理特點,對異相型游梁式抽油機的懸點位移、速度、加速度公式進行了推導,對游梁式抽油機的懸點載荷、曲柄扭矩及計算方法進行了分析推導,為后文虛擬樣機測試與有限元仿真分析做好了理論準備。其次,使用ADAMS2014虛擬樣機技術對游梁式抽油機進行了運動學和動力學精確測試。對懸點運動規(guī)律、懸點沖程長度進行了仿真驗證。對抽油機各桿件鉸接處進行力與力矩測試,發(fā)現(xiàn)有微小擾動,經(jīng)過頻譜分析得出是由于抽油機工作頻率的2倍頻率所導致的。再次,對游梁式抽油機的關鍵部件進行了靜力學分析、模態(tài)分析和瞬態(tài)動力學分析。通過對支架的靜力學分析,得出應力應變較小,滿足使用要求。使用ANSYS Workbench軟件對游梁式抽油機進行了瞬態(tài)動力學仿真,仿真驗證了游梁和連桿的等效應力和受力變形都滿足使用要求。通過對整機模態(tài)分析,得出游梁和連桿前6階模態(tài)變形相對較大,所以再對其分別單獨做模態(tài)分析,得出本文研究的異相型游梁式抽油機的工作頻率遠離固有頻率,不會發(fā)生共振。最后,根據(jù)游梁式抽油機機構尺寸的優(yōu)化設計基本原則,選取以游梁式抽油機的核心機構曲柄搖桿機構的最大輸入功率最小化為優(yōu)化目標,使用ADAMS參數(shù)化建模與優(yōu)化分析功能進行優(yōu)化分析,得出游梁式抽油機曲柄搖桿機構輸入功率的優(yōu)化結果。
[Abstract]:Beam pumping unit is a kind of mechanical oil recovery device, its core working mechanism is crank rocker mechanism, because the reciprocating swing of the beam donkey head seems to be kowtowing, so the beam pumping unit is also called "kowtowing machine".It is the ground part of the pumping system of beam pumping unit. The underground crude oil is swabbed to the ground through the cooperation between the sucker rod string and the subsurface oil pump.At present, beam pumping units account for more than 80% of all mechanical oil wells, but there is a problem of low overall efficiency. China is a large energy consuming country. With the increasing shortage of energy, the research on energy conservation of beam pumping units has been improved and developed.It is of great significance for pumping wells to save energy and reduce consumption and to improve economic benefits.In this paper, the kinematics and dynamics theory analysis, virtual prototype test and finite element simulation analysis are carried out for a certain type of heterogeneous crank balanced beam pumping unit.The maximum input power of beam pumping unit is taken as the objective function.According to the structure and working principle of the beam pumping unit, the displacement, velocity and acceleration formulas of the suspension point of the beam pumping unit are deduced, and the suspension load of the beam pumping unit is analyzed.The torsion moment of crank and its calculation method are analyzed and deduced, which makes the theoretical preparation for the later virtual prototype test and finite element simulation analysis.Secondly, the kinematics and dynamics of beam pumping unit are measured with ADAMS2014 virtual prototype technology.The movement law and stroke length of suspension point are verified by simulation.The force and torque of the rod hinges of the pumping unit are measured, and the slight disturbance is found. The frequency spectrum analysis shows that it is caused by the double frequency of the pumping unit's working frequency.Thirdly, the key components of beam pumping unit are analyzed by statics, modal analysis and transient dynamics analysis.Through the statics analysis of the support, it is concluded that the stress and strain are relatively small and meet the requirements of application.The transient dynamic simulation of beam pumping unit is carried out by using ANSYS Workbench software. The simulation results show that the equivalent stress and deformation of the walking beam and connecting rod meet the requirements of application.Through the modal analysis of the whole machine, it is found that the first six modes of the traveling beam and the connecting rod are relatively large, so the mode analysis is done separately, and the working frequency of the heterogeneous beam pumping unit studied in this paper is far from the natural frequency.There is no resonance.Finally, according to the basic principle of the optimization design of the beam pumping unit mechanism, the maximum input power minimization of the crank rocker mechanism of the core mechanism of the beam pumping unit is chosen as the optimization objective.Using the function of parametric modeling and optimization analysis of ADAMS, the optimal results of input power of crank rocker mechanism of beam pumping unit are obtained.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE933.1

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