發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-16 07:10

  本文選題：壓裂液 + 瓜爾膠��； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著低滲透儲(chǔ)層的不斷開(kāi)發(fā),水力壓裂對(duì)其進(jìn)行改造是提高產(chǎn)能的必要手段,而壓裂液體系是決定壓裂施工是否成功的關(guān)鍵因素。常規(guī)瓜爾膠壓裂液配方中,pH調(diào)節(jié)劑發(fā)揮著重要作用,然而pH在稠化劑溶脹、交聯(lián)、攜砂、破膠等不同壓裂施工階段所起的作用國(guó)內(nèi)外還沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)清楚。本文從流變學(xué)和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)上解釋不同pH導(dǎo)致瓜爾膠性能的差異,明確不同施工階段最佳pH范圍,優(yōu)選壓裂全過(guò)程最佳pH調(diào)節(jié)劑。以瓜爾膠溶液表觀黏度隨時(shí)間變化關(guān)系作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),研究不同pH下瓜爾膠溶脹規(guī)律變化。結(jié)果表明pH=9-11為瓜爾膠由快速溶脹向緩慢溶脹過(guò)渡的階段,且溶液中OH-離子吸附于瓜爾膠鏈上阻礙其溶脹,金屬鈉離子降低瓜爾膠水動(dòng)力學(xué)體積,降低溶液的最終黏度。進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用激光散射儀、掃描電鏡進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果表明瓜爾膠的溶脹規(guī)律與不同溶脹階段瓜爾膠分子粒徑及微觀構(gòu)象的變化有關(guān)。運(yùn)用黏度分析方法和流變學(xué)方法對(duì)不同pH下瓜爾膠溶液結(jié)構(gòu)和流變性能開(kāi)展研究。pH=7-12.5時(shí)瓜爾膠具有較低的臨界重疊濃度和較高的特性粘數(shù)。Zeta電位測(cè)試研究表明,隨著pH的增加,瓜爾膠的所帶電荷量先增加后減小,從而影響瓜爾膠的分散狀態(tài)。結(jié)合Cross流變模型,求取了不同pH下的零剪切黏度,基于Ostwald-Dewaele方程求取了不同pH下瓜爾膠溶液n、K值,表明pH=8.5-12時(shí)瓜爾膠易于溶脹,溶液增黏性能最好�；罕碛^黏度隨著pH增加先增加后減小,其黏度的變化與瓜爾膠微觀構(gòu)象的變化有關(guān)。運(yùn)用流變學(xué)方法明確了pH對(duì)于凍膠交聯(lián)時(shí)間、凍膠黏度的影響。采用變剪切實(shí)驗(yàn)研究pH對(duì)凍膠抗剪切性能的影響,pH=8.5-11.5時(shí),瓜爾膠之間有強(qiáng)氫鍵作用,使其抗剪切性能較強(qiáng)。黏彈性實(shí)驗(yàn)及觸變性實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了不同pH下凍膠最大彈性模量范圍及最佳觸變性范圍。pH=7-12時(shí),凍膠靜態(tài)攜砂性能和破膠性能最好。結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際綜合分析,為保證壓裂液發(fā)揮最佳性能,整個(gè)施工過(guò)程瓜爾膠壓裂液的最佳pH范圍為9.5-11.5。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of low permeability reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing is a necessary means to improve productivity, and fracturing fluid system is the key factor to determine the success of fracturing.The pH regulator plays an important role in the formulation of Guar gum fracturing fluid, but the role of pH in different fracturing stages such as thickener swelling, crosslinking, sand carrying and gel breaking is not well understood at home and abroad.This paper explains the difference of guar gum performance caused by different pH in rheology and microstructure, determines the optimal pH range in different construction stages, and optimizes the optimal pH regulator in the whole fracturing process.The relationship between the apparent viscosity of guar gum solution and time was used as the evaluation index to study the swelling law of guar gum at different pH.The results show that pH=9-11 is the transition stage of guar gum from rapid swelling to slow swelling, and the adsorption of OH- ions on Guar gum chain hinders its swelling, and the metal sodium ion decreases the dynamic volume of guar glue and reduces the final viscosity of the solution.The results show that the swelling law of Guar gum is related to the changes of the molecular particle size and the microconformation of Guar gum in different swelling stages.The structure and rheological properties of guar gum solution at different pH were studied by viscosity analysis and rheology method. The results showed that the solution structure and rheological properties of guar gum had lower critical overlap concentration and higher intrinsic viscosity. Zeta potential test showed that with the increase of pH value, the gel had lower critical overlap concentration and higher intrinsic viscosity.The charge of guar gum increases first and then decreases, which affects the dispersion of guar gum.Combined with the Cross rheological model, the zero shear viscosity at different pH was obtained, and the K value of guar gum solution at different pH was obtained based on Ostwald-Dewaele equation. The results showed that guar gum was easy to swell and the viscosity increasing property of the solution was the best when pH=8.5-12 was used.The apparent viscosity of base solution increased first and then decreased with the increase of pH, and the change of viscosity was related to the change of Guar gum conformation.The effect of pH on gel crosslinking time and gel viscosity was determined by rheological method.The effect of pH on the shear resistance of gel was studied by variable shear experiment. When pH value was 8.5-11.5, there was a strong hydrogen bond between guar gum, which made the shear resistance of guar gum stronger.The viscoelastic and thixotropic tests show that the static sand carrying and breaking properties of the gel are the best in the range of maximum elastic modulus and optimum thixotropic range of pH 7-12 at different pH.Combined with the experimental results and field practice, in order to ensure the best performance of the fracturing fluid, the optimum pH range of Guar gum fracturing fluid is 9.5-11.5.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TE357.12

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本文編號(hào)：1757797