本文選題：裂縫表面形態(tài) + 閉合量　； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：壓裂或酸壓工藝已經(jīng)成為碳酸鹽巖油氣藏開采、建產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)和增產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。壓裂或酸壓后形成一定長度的人工裂縫為油氣提供通道或是溝通天然裂縫時,其導(dǎo)流能力則就成為評價施工效果的重要參數(shù)之一。而人工裂縫的導(dǎo)流能力與裂縫表面的細(xì)觀形態(tài)密切相關(guān),不同巖性、不同地質(zhì)條件下巖石的裂縫表面各異,因此定量化研究裂縫表面的形態(tài)特征和閉合規(guī)律顯得尤為重要。目前對裂縫表面形態(tài)的定量化研究較少,特別是裂縫兩面在應(yīng)力作用下的狀態(tài)缺乏研究,前人在對裂縫閉合規(guī)律研究時多基于巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)建立模型,并未考慮微凸體的不同變形階段。而前人在對粗糙面接觸研究中,雖然完善了變形階段,但建立的模型存在不連續(xù)性和不光滑性,目前對裂縫表面微凸體接觸的理論研究相對比較薄弱。論文在大量文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研基礎(chǔ)之上,對碳酸鹽巖裂縫的特征進(jìn)行了概述,總結(jié)裂縫表面形態(tài)定量化研究的難點及發(fā)展趨勢;總結(jié)出一套測試不同閉合壓力下裂縫面法向閉合量的實驗方法及流程,精確測量不同閉合應(yīng)力下裂縫面的法向閉合量;采用新型三維數(shù)字化方法對裂縫表面形態(tài)進(jìn)行數(shù)字化成圖,經(jīng)過與導(dǎo)師共同設(shè)計研發(fā)的三維數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件,對裂縫面數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行深入分析處理,從而獲得裂縫面的特征參數(shù),并通過這些特征參數(shù)對裂縫面進(jìn)行定量化表述;分析研究了裂縫特征參數(shù)與閉合應(yīng)力的關(guān)系;結(jié)合實驗驗證了彈塑性混合變形區(qū)間的存在;通過對經(jīng)典接觸模型的討論,基于一定的假設(shè),建立了微凸體和粗糙面的接觸理論模型,獲得了模型的解析解。論文取得的主要研究認(rèn)識與成果有:(1)總結(jié)出一套測試不同閉合壓力下裂縫面法向閉合量的實驗方法及流程,準(zhǔn)確的評價法向閉合量隨閉合應(yīng)力的變化關(guān)系;在法向閉合量隨閉合應(yīng)力的變化關(guān)系曲線上,變形初期隨著閉合應(yīng)力增加,法向閉合量迅速增加;在變形后期則是呈現(xiàn)相反的變化趨勢。(2)基于新型三維形貌掃描儀對裂縫面進(jìn)行三維掃描,獲得裂縫面真實的三維圖像。根據(jù)“三維掃描解釋軟件”對掃描數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理分析,獲得裂縫面在組合形態(tài)下的特征參數(shù)(吻合度和裂縫間距),通過吻合度和裂縫間距對裂縫面組合形態(tài)進(jìn)行定量化表征。(3)根據(jù)法向閉合量與閉合應(yīng)力關(guān)系曲線,在10MPa時閉合量曲線出現(xiàn)拐點。在小于10MPa的壓力時,閉合應(yīng)力與法向閉合量滿足二次多項式關(guān)系。說明在低閉合應(yīng)力下,裂縫面的法向閉合主要跟微凸體的彈塑性變形有關(guān);而高閉合應(yīng)力下,則可能是由于微凸體破碎等因素所導(dǎo)致。閉合應(yīng)力在大于10MPa時,法向閉合量增幅不明顯,這是由于大量微凸體塑性變形所導(dǎo)致。(4)根據(jù)吻合度的定義,結(jié)合法向閉合量與閉合應(yīng)力關(guān)系,求出了吻合度與閉合應(yīng)力的關(guān)系,可以通過此關(guān)系預(yù)測不同閉合應(yīng)力下裂縫面的吻合度,從而獲得其實際接觸面積,預(yù)測實際接觸面積變化趨勢。(5)通過實驗測得不同閉合應(yīng)力加載并卸載后的裂縫面吻合度,結(jié)合吻合度與閉合應(yīng)力的關(guān)系曲線,獲得了計算吻合度與實測吻合度的對比關(guān)系,從而驗證了裂縫面接觸時既有彈性變形也有塑性變形。(6)根據(jù)經(jīng)典接觸理論模型,建立了論文的微凸體接觸理論模型,并通過數(shù)學(xué)方法求解出了完全彈性-彈塑性混合變形-完全塑性變形三個階段的接觸變量與法向閉合量的關(guān)系,并建立了粗糙面接觸模型。通過對比經(jīng)典的接觸模型,驗證了論文模型的適用性。論文旨在通過分析裂縫表面的形態(tài),建立基于細(xì)觀力學(xué)的裂縫接觸模型,引入插值法對復(fù)雜接觸問題進(jìn)行求解,獲得較為簡單的解析解,為裂縫的精細(xì)研究提供支持。
[Abstract]:Fracturing and acid fracturing technology has become the carbonate oil and gas reservoir exploitation, construction of production, one of the key technologies of stable and high yield. The artificial fracturing or acid fracturing after a certain length of the channel is provided for the oil and gas or communication of natural fracture, the diversion ability becomes one of the important parameters to evaluate the construction effect. The conductivity and fracture surface of fracture micro morphology is closely related to lithology, fracture surface of different rocks under different geological conditions, so the fixed shape and surface crack closure rules of quantitative research is particularly important. The fracture surface morphology and quantitative research, especially the crack faces under stress the lack of research, the previous research on crack closure rules when the rock mechanics parameters based on the model, did not consider the asperity of different deformation stages. And the previous on rough surface Contact study, while improve the deformation stage, but the model is not continuous and smooth, the current theoretical research on the crack surface asperity contact is relatively weak. In the above literature research foundation, characteristics of carbonate fracture were summarized, the difficulties and the development trend summary quantitative research the fracture surface morphology; summed up a set of experimental methods to test different closure pressure closed the crack surface method and process, accurate measurement of different closure stress crack closure method to hypospadias; using the new 3D digital method for digital mapping of fracture surface morphology, through data processing and 3D software co design tutorial the research on the crack surface, in-depth data analysis and processing, so as to obtain the characteristic parameters of cracks, and cracks on the surface were quantitatively expressed by these parameters points; Study on the relationship between parameters and characteristics of closed fracture stress; combined with the experimental verification of the elastic-plastic deformation of mixed interval existence; through the discussion of classical contact model, based on certain assumptions, a micro convex body and rough surface contact model, the analytical solution of the model. The main research understanding and results are as follows: (1) summarize a set of experimental methods to test different closure pressure closed the crack surface method and process, accurate evaluation method to the closure changes with closure stress; curves to closed in with the closure stress on early deformation with closure the normal force increases, the rapid increase of closed; in the later period of deformation is the opposite trend. (2) a new 3D scanner to scan the crack surface based on 3D images of fracture surface. According to the real 3D scan Description interpretation processing software analysis of the scanning data, get characteristic parameters of crack in the face of the form (degree of agreement and crack spacing), through anastomosis of crack spacing and quantitative characterization of fracture surface combination form. (3) according to the law to the closure and closure stress curve, closed at 10MPa the amount of curve inflection point. In less than 10MPa pressure, closure stress and normal closed rate to meet the two polynomial relationship. In the low closure stress, crack the normal closure with asperity elastic-plastic deformation; and high closure stress, it may be due to micro convex the broken body caused closure stress. In more than 10MPa, to increase the volume of closure is not obvious, this is due to the large number of asperities caused by plastic deformation. (4) according to the degree of agreement to the definition of closed and closed stress method, calculated the degree of agreement With closure stress, through this prediction of different crack closure stress hypospadias fit, so as to obtain the actual contact area, predict the actual contact area change trend. (5) measured with different loading and unloading should be closed fracture surface after the kiss degree of curve fit and close combination stress, obtained the calculation coincides with the measured results of the correlation degree, which verified the crack surface contact when it has elastic deformation is plastic deformation. (6) according to the classical contact theory model, established the asperity contact model, and the relationship between the contact variables and completely elastic elastic plastic deformation and plastic deformation is completely mixed in three stages to the closure by mathematical method, and establishes the contact model of rough surface contact model. By comparing with classical, proves the applicability of the model. Aiming at establishing the contact model based on meso mechanics, the interpolation method is applied to solve the complex contact problem, and a simpler analytical solution is obtained, which provides support for the detailed research of cracks.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.2

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本文編號：1757009