本文選題：油頁巖 + 結(jié)構(gòu)表征　； 參考：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：油頁巖是我國重要的替代能源之一,隨著常規(guī)能源資源消耗的日益加大,油頁巖等非常規(guī)能源資源的利用日益受到人們的重視。油頁巖主要用于干餾煉油,然而我國油頁巖煉油技術(shù)非常落后,仍沿用上世紀(jì)20-30年代的垂直筒式撫順干餾爐,產(chǎn)能低、油收率低、油品質(zhì)重。為了提高頁巖油的收率和品質(zhì),眾多研究者對油頁巖中生油組分—一有機質(zhì)進行了大量研究。我國關(guān)于油頁巖有機質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)研究起步較晚,并且集中在對撫順、茂名、樺甸油頁巖的研究上,而關(guān)于依蘭油頁巖有機質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)的研究鮮有報道。本文采用FT-IR,13C NMR以及溶劑萃取法對依蘭油頁巖有機質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)組成進行了研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)依蘭油頁巖有機質(zhì)中芳香族化合物含量較高,芳碳率高達49%,主要為三環(huán)及三環(huán)以下的芳環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu),芳環(huán)取代度為0.46,并在其溶劑萃取物中檢測到1-4環(huán)的芳香化合物；依蘭油頁巖有機質(zhì)中脂肪碳含量為45%,主要為亞甲基和次甲基結(jié)構(gòu),且大部分以芳香結(jié)構(gòu)間橋碳鏈形式存在,平均碳鏈長度為5-10個碳原子；同時含有16%的C-O、C-OH官能團以及羰基化合物。由于油頁巖形成環(huán)境的不同,其成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及顏色呈現(xiàn)不均一性。依蘭和樺甸油頁巖中均存在兩種顏色不同、光澤度和密度等物理性質(zhì)差異較大的油頁巖,一種呈黑色,有瀝青光澤,質(zhì)輕,易破碎,為有機質(zhì)富集的油頁巖；另一種呈現(xiàn)為土灰色,密度大,質(zhì)地堅硬,為礦物質(zhì)富集的油頁巖。本文對這兩種不同富集形態(tài)油頁巖的組成、結(jié)構(gòu)進行研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)相同產(chǎn)地、不同富集形態(tài)油頁巖結(jié)構(gòu)組成差別較大,而不同產(chǎn)地、相同富集形態(tài)油頁巖結(jié)構(gòu)組成相近�；疑晚搸r的H/C比(1.35)接近于瀝青質(zhì),黑色油頁巖的H/C比(0.86)接近于煤,灰色油頁巖中揮發(fā)分含量(Vdaf)遠高于黑色油頁巖；依蘭和樺甸黑色油頁巖有機質(zhì)碳骨架結(jié)構(gòu)中芳香結(jié)構(gòu)含量較高,其芳碳率分別為57%和58%；而灰色油頁巖則含有較多的脂肪結(jié)構(gòu),其脂碳率分別為63%和62%。且灰色油頁巖中脂鏈長度比黑色油頁巖長。
[Abstract]:Oil shale is one of the important alternative energy sources in China. With the increasing consumption of conventional energy resources, the utilization of unconventional energy resources such as oil shale has been paid more and more attention.Oil shale is mainly used in retorting oil refining, however, the oil shale refining technology in China is very backward, and it still uses the vertical Fushun retort furnace in the 20-30 's of last century, with low production capacity, low oil yield and heavy oil quality.In order to improve the yield and quality of shale oil, many researchers have done a lot of research on the organic matter, an oil component in oil shale.The study on the organic matter structure of oil shale in China started late, and focused on Fushun, Maoming and Huadian oil shale, but there are few reports on the organic matter structure of Yilan oil shale.In this paper, the structure and composition of organic matter in Yilan oil shale were studied by FT-IRN 13C NMR and solvent extraction method. It was found that the aromatic compounds in the organic matter of Yilan oil shale were high, and the aromatic carbon content was as high as 49%.The degree of substitution of aromatic rings was 0.46, and 1-4 ring aromatic compounds were detected in their solvent extracts. The fatty carbon content in the organic matter of Yilan oil shale was 45, which mainly consisted of methylene and methylene groups, and most of them existed in the form of bridging carbon chains between aromatic structures.The average length of carbon chain is 5-10 carbon atoms, and it also contains 16% C-OO C-OH functional groups and carbonyl compounds.Because of the different formation environment of oil shale, its composition, structure and color show heterogeneity.There are two different colors in Yilan and Huadian oil shale, one is black oil shale, which has asphalt luster, light weight, easy to break, and is rich in organic matter.The other is a grayish, dense, hard, mineral-rich oil shale.In this paper, the composition and structure of the two kinds of oil shale with different enrichment forms are studied. It is found that the structural composition of the oil shale with the same origin and different enrichment forms is quite different, while the structural composition of the oil shale with the same enrichment form is similar in different producing areas.The H / C ratio of grey oil shale is close to that of asphaltene, the H / C ratio of black oil shale is 0.86), and the volatile content of grey oil shale is much higher than that of black oil shale.The content of aromatic structure in organic carbon framework of Yilan and Huadian black oil shale is high, and the aromatic carbon ratio is 57% and 58%, respectively, while the grey oil shale contains more fat structure, its lipide-carbon ratio is 63% and 62%, respectively.The length of lipid chain in grey oil shale is longer than that in black oil shale.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE662.3

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