本文選題：金屬磁記憶 + 管道無損檢測　； 參考：《哈爾濱理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：管道如今被應用在廣泛的領域當中，，無論在建筑工程中還是工業(yè)工程中，管道都是其中非常重要的一個組成部分，尤其對于石油天然氣來說，是最重要的運輸手段。也被譽為國家的生命線。據(jù)統(tǒng)計全球有8.2×104km的石油天然氣運輸管道，并且還將以每天7%的增量遞增。然而長距離的運輸對管道的消耗磨損也是巨大的，在大慶油田，隨著時間的推進，埋設10年以上的管道占據(jù)了很大一部分，這使得管道發(fā)生穿孔斷裂經(jīng)常發(fā)生，對管道的檢測維護是對石油安全運輸?shù)闹匾Ｕ现�。而傳統(tǒng)的檢測方法，如超聲波檢測、漏磁檢測等等都有其局限性，而長距離埋設的管道往往處于環(huán)境較為惡劣的地區(qū)，這使得這些檢測設備不能正常使用。 本文研究設計的金屬磁記憶法彌補了上述不足，它利用處于地磁場中的鐵磁性金屬，受到外應力的作用產(chǎn)生自有漏磁場的特性，檢測到鐵磁金屬的應力集中區(qū)域，從而判斷損傷或缺陷的位置，從而達到檢測管道的目的。金屬磁記憶檢測是由俄羅斯專家杜波夫提出的，同時也做出了比較成熟的產(chǎn)品，目前國內(nèi)在這方面尚處于研究階段。 本文分析研究了金屬磁記憶產(chǎn)生的原理，根據(jù)大慶煉油五廠的實際情況，設計了金屬磁記憶檢測系統(tǒng)，以實現(xiàn)貼壁管道檢測與埋地管道檢測兩部分內(nèi)容。文章選用霍尼韋爾的三軸磁阻傳感器作為探頭采集信號的部分，并通過單片機控制，實現(xiàn)A/D轉換、信號放大等功能。 由于地磁場強度及其微弱，采集到的磁信號往往伴隨著大量的噪聲，本文通過硬件濾波，以及根據(jù)濾波后的信號特征，采用了小波變換降噪法進行再次濾波。又經(jīng)過對比分析，最終選用了dbN小波閾值降噪的方法，使得信號最大程度的去偽存真。 本文通過仿真與實際的實驗對比，說明了缺陷與應力集中區(qū)域的關系，以及影響信號特征的因素等等。最后通過現(xiàn)場實地實驗，對管道進行了損傷評估，與實際情況基本一致，基本實現(xiàn)了金屬磁記憶檢測系統(tǒng)預期實現(xiàn)的功能。
[Abstract]:Pipeline is now used in a wide range of fields, both in construction and industrial engineering, pipeline is a very important part of the pipeline, especially for oil and gas, is the most important means of transportation.Also known as the lifeline of the country.According to statistics, the world has 8.2 脳 104km oil and gas pipeline, and will increase by 7% per day.However, long distance transportation is also a huge wear and tear to the pipeline. In Daqing Oilfield, over 10 years of buried pipelines have occupied a large part with the development of time, which makes pipeline perforation often occur.The inspection and maintenance of pipeline is one of the most important guarantee for the safe transportation of oil.But the traditional detection methods, such as ultrasonic detection, magnetic flux leakage detection and so on, have their limitations, while long-distance buried pipelines are often located in areas where the environment is relatively bad, which makes the detection equipment can not be used normally.In this paper, the metal magnetic memory method is designed to make up for the above deficiency. It uses ferromagnetic metal in the geomagnetic field to produce its own leakage magnetic field under the action of external stress, and detects the stress concentration area of ferromagnetic metal.In order to determine the location of damage or defect, so as to achieve the purpose of pipeline detection.Metal magnetic memory detection was put forward by Russian expert Dubov, and also made more mature products. At present, this aspect is still in the research stage in our country.In this paper, the principle of metal magnetic memory generation is analyzed and studied. According to the actual situation of Daqing No. 5 Refinery Plant, a metal magnetic memory detection system is designed to realize the detection of adherent pipeline and buried pipeline.In this paper, Honeywell's three-axis magnetoresistive sensor is selected as the signal acquisition part of the probe, and the functions of A / D conversion and signal amplification are realized by single-chip microcomputer control.Because of the weak intensity of geomagnetic field, the collected magnetic signal is usually accompanied by a large amount of noise. In this paper, the wavelet transform de-noising method is used to filter again by hardware filtering and according to the characteristics of the filtered signal.After comparison and analysis, the method of dbN wavelet threshold denoising is used finally, so that the signal can distinguish the false things to the greatest extent and retain the real things.In this paper, the relationship between the defect and the stress concentration region, and the factors influencing the signal characteristics are illustrated by comparing the simulation results with the actual experiments.Finally, through field experiments, the pipeline damage assessment is carried out, which is basically consistent with the actual situation, and basically realizes the expected function of the metal magnetic memory detection system.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE973.6;TP274

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本文編號：1745818