本文選題：壓裂工藝 + 壓裂機(jī)組��； 參考：《長江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：壓裂是一種常規(guī)油氣田增產(chǎn)以及巖氣、頁巖油、煤層氣等非常規(guī)油氣資源開采核心技術(shù),是中、低滲透油田勘探開發(fā)工程重要施工流程或環(huán)節(jié)。由于中、低滲透油田儲(chǔ)物層物理工況條件限制、鉆井過程中鉆井液污染等原因,油井射孔后自然產(chǎn)能低,開采效益差,須經(jīng)過壓裂才能正常生產(chǎn)。我國各類油氣資源開發(fā)進(jìn)入中后期階段,石油、天然氣供應(yīng)缺口擴(kuò)大,油氣氣井壓裂作業(yè)越加頻繁。油田專用壓裂車是壓裂施工的主要設(shè)備,屬油氣田鉆采特種設(shè)備。一般油田專用壓裂車多以成套設(shè)備即成套壓裂機(jī)組形式出現(xiàn),其中混砂車是油田壓裂機(jī)組中的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一,其作用是在壓裂施工中按一定的比例和程序輸砂和混砂,并把這些不同砂比,不同粘度的壓裂砂液低壓泵送給壓裂泵送裝備。它的工作性能的好壞將影響到整個(gè)壓裂施工的成敗。本文根據(jù)油氣田開發(fā)的具體過程,簡要的介紹了壓裂工藝在油氣田開采施工中的重要作用,壓裂機(jī)組作為壓裂施工的常用設(shè)備,其重要組成部分為混砂車,混砂車在壓裂施工作業(yè)中將所需要添加的支撐劑、添加劑按照一定的比例充分混合后泵送給壓裂設(shè)備,其工作性能好壞直接關(guān)系到壓裂施工成敗,故本文針對混砂車測控系統(tǒng)的控制方法展開研究。根據(jù)混砂車的測控要求與實(shí)際的混砂工藝,給出了混砂車測控系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)方案。本混砂車測控系統(tǒng)的人機(jī)交互界面采用西門子公司推出的TP177B觸摸屏,控制器方面基于PLC功能性強(qiáng),性價(jià)比高,可靠性高,抗干擾能力強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)采用了西門子公司推出的S7-300型PLC,并根據(jù)實(shí)際測控需要,確定了各儀表的選型,給出了輸入、輸出點(diǎn)表,對整體硬件結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說明。本文對混砂車測控系統(tǒng)的測控方法研究進(jìn)行了著重分析與說明,提出了以PI算法為核心的混砂車加藥自動(dòng)控制和混砂罐出口壓力的測控方法,由于在實(shí)際混砂作業(yè)過程中必須對液位做到準(zhǔn)確與快速的控制,故液位控制采用混砂罐液位與吸入流量的雙閉環(huán)控制加出口流量前饋補(bǔ)償?shù)目刂品椒āＲ罁?jù)以上測控方法建立了科學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,借助matleb仿真軟件對混砂車的測控系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),取得了高質(zhì)量的測試數(shù)據(jù),獲得了良好的仿真結(jié)果,給該混砂車測控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提供了科學(xué)的理論依據(jù)。從理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)兩個(gè)方面說明了該測控方法的可行性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了混砂車測控系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)方案,給出了該混砂車測控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)方案與方法。論文最后分別對測控體統(tǒng)的硬件與軟件進(jìn)行了測試,給出了詳細(xì)的測試步驟與方法。本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于：①采用PI算法來控制出口壓力、輸砂量與各添加劑流量,對出口壓力和各種添加劑濃度做到準(zhǔn)確、快速控制。②采用反饋加前饋的控制方法實(shí)現(xiàn)對液位的準(zhǔn)確控制,讓液位精準(zhǔn)的控制在設(shè)定高度。本文的研究工作解決了混砂過程中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)難題,有重要的工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Fracturing is a conventional oil and gas production and rock gas, shale oil, coal gas and other unconventional core technology, oil and gas resources exploitation is in low permeability oilfield exploration and development engineering construction process or important link. Due to limited storage, low permeability oil layer physical conditions, causes of pollution of drilling fluid drilling process in the natural capacity of the perforation after low mining efficiency is poor, subject to fracturing to normal production. The development of China's oil and gas resources into the late stage, oil, expand the natural gas supply gap, oil and gas well fracturing operation has become increasingly frequent. Special oil fracturing truck is the main equipment of fracturing, oil and gas drilling is a special special equipment. The general oil fracturing truck appears mostly in the form of complete sets of equipment complete sets of fracturing units, including sand mixing vehicle is one of the key equipment in oil fracturing unit, and its role in the fracturing construction according to certain The proportion of sand and mixed sand and procedures, and the different sand ratio, sand fracturing fluid pressure pump for pumping different viscosity fracturing equipment. Its performance will affect the whole fracturing success. According to the specific process of oil and gas field development, briefly introduces the important role in the process of fracturing the construction of oil and gas field production, fracturing unit as equipment commonly used in fracturing, which is an important part in the blender, fracturing construction operations needed to support agent adding blender, additives according to a certain proportion after mixing pump for fracturing equipment, its performance is directly related to the success or failure of fracturing in this paper, the control method of sand mixing vehicle control system is researched. According to the control requirements of sand mixing vehicle sand mixing process and practice, it gives an overall design scheme of sand mixing vehicle control system. The sand mixing truck Measurement and control system of man-machine interface uses SIEMENS launched TP177B touch screen controller based on PLC function is strong, high performance, high reliability, strong anti-interference characteristics using S7-300 type PLC produced by SIEMENS, and according to the actual measurement and control needs, determine the selection of the instrument, the input and output points. On the table, the whole hardware structure in detail. The control method of sand mixing vehicle control system is studied emphatically the analysis and explanation of proposed control method of sand mixing vehicle automatic feeding control and mixing tank outlet pressure to the PI algorithm as the core, because in the actual operation process of sand mixing must be accurate with the rapid control of the liquid level and the liquid level control adopts the method of sand mixing tank level and outlet flow feed-forward compensation double closed-loop control. The suction flow rate on the basis of the above control method to build A scientific mathematical model, using matleb simulation software to simulate measurement and control system of sand mixing vehicle, the test data is obtained with high quality, a good simulation result is obtained, the theory provides a scientific basis for the design of sand mixing vehicle control system. From two aspects of theory and experiment to illustrate the feasibility the measurement and control method. On this basis, put forward the software design scheme of sand mixing vehicle control system, program and method of the design of sand mixing vehicle control system software are given. Finally, the control system of hardware and software has been tested, given the detailed test procedures and methods. The main innovations of this paper that the PI algorithm is used to control the outlet pressure, amount of sediment and the additive flow, accurate, rapid control of outlet pressure and various additives concentration. The control method of feedback plus feedforward The accurate control of liquid level is achieved and the liquid level is precisely controlled at the set height. The research work in this paper solves the key technical problems in the process of sand mixing, and has important engineering practical value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE934.2

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1741530