本文選題：立式儲(chǔ)罐 + 儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)　； 參考：《江西理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：天然氣儲(chǔ)罐因泄漏而引發(fā)火災(zāi)爆炸事故近年來頻有發(fā)生,一旦此類事故發(fā)生將極有可能造成大量的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和人員傷亡,不但嚴(yán)重威脅到人的生命安全同時(shí)也會(huì)對(duì)周圍環(huán)境造成污染。對(duì)天然氣儲(chǔ)罐泄漏事故進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究,可以較好的掌握天然氣儲(chǔ)罐泄漏時(shí)的擴(kuò)散路徑以及天然氣氣云的分布規(guī)律,為天然氣泄漏擴(kuò)散的預(yù)防與控制提供一些必要的技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。本文運(yùn)用流體力學(xué)軟件Fluent對(duì)立式天然氣儲(chǔ)罐以及儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)的泄漏事故進(jìn)行了三維仿真模擬。對(duì)比分析風(fēng)向、風(fēng)速、泄漏口位置、泄漏口大小等因素對(duì)立式天然氣儲(chǔ)罐泄漏過程的影響。同時(shí)對(duì)比分析了儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)部壓強(qiáng)和儲(chǔ)罐間距對(duì)儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)內(nèi)泄漏事故的影響。儲(chǔ)罐在順風(fēng)泄漏的情況下,泄漏天然氣會(huì)隨風(fēng)流快速擴(kuò)散,不會(huì)在泄漏口的方向上堆積,氣云內(nèi)部濃度較低。逆風(fēng)泄漏情況下,由于風(fēng)流運(yùn)動(dòng)方向與天然氣泄漏方向相反,此時(shí)風(fēng)流對(duì)泄漏過程起到持續(xù)的阻礙作用,導(dǎo)致泄漏天然氣大量堆積在儲(chǔ)罐周圍,且氣云內(nèi)部濃度較高。風(fēng)速越大,會(huì)降低泄漏氣云內(nèi)部濃度。泄漏口位置越靠近地面,泄漏天然氣越不易擴(kuò)散,在泄漏口與地面之間聚集且濃度高。泄漏口口徑增大,相同時(shí)間內(nèi)泄漏而出的天然氣越多,所形成的氣云體積更大。儲(chǔ)罐區(qū)內(nèi),罐內(nèi)壓強(qiáng)一定范圍內(nèi)增大或減小,對(duì)泄漏之后濃度在燃爆極限范圍內(nèi)的氣云分布影響不大。儲(chǔ)罐間距較大時(shí),泄漏氣云擴(kuò)散距離更遠(yuǎn),氣云厚度越低。研究結(jié)果表明:在邊界條件與基本假設(shè)的前提下,儲(chǔ)罐逆風(fēng)泄漏的危險(xiǎn)性遠(yuǎn)大于順風(fēng)泄漏的情況。風(fēng)速的增大會(huì)促進(jìn)空氣與泄漏天然氣的融合,降低氣云內(nèi)部濃度,對(duì)泄漏事故的危險(xiǎn)性有一定的緩解作用。泄漏口位置低,導(dǎo)致氣云擴(kuò)散空間減小,地面摩擦阻力也會(huì)抑制氣云的擴(kuò)散,導(dǎo)致濃度上升,危險(xiǎn)性越大。泄漏口口徑的大小會(huì)直接影響到事故發(fā)生之后的危險(xiǎn)性。一定程度上增大或者降低儲(chǔ)罐內(nèi)部工作壓強(qiáng)對(duì)降低事故發(fā)生之后的危險(xiǎn)性并沒有太大的作用。增大儲(chǔ)罐之間的間距,會(huì)降低泄漏事故發(fā)生時(shí)所帶來的危險(xiǎn)性。
[Abstract]:Fire and explosion accidents caused by natural gas storage tanks have occurred frequently in recent years. Once such accidents occur, it is very likely to cause a large number of property losses and casualties.It is not only a serious threat to the safety of human life, but also to the surrounding environment pollution.The numerical simulation study on the leakage accident of natural gas storage tank can better grasp the diffusion path and the distribution law of gas cloud during the leakage of natural gas tank.To provide some necessary technical guidance for the prevention and control of natural gas leakage and diffusion.In this paper, Fluent software is used to simulate the leakage accident of natural gas storage tank and tank area.The effects of wind direction, wind speed, leakage location and leakage port size on the leakage process of natural gas storage tank are analyzed.At the same time, the effects of internal pressure and tank spacing on the leakage accident in the tank area are compared and analyzed.Under the condition of downwind leakage, the leaking natural gas will spread rapidly with the wind flow, and will not accumulate in the direction of the leak, and the concentration of the gas cloud will be lower.In the case of counterwind leakage, because the direction of wind flow is opposite to the direction of natural gas leakage, the wind flow plays a persistent role in hindering the leakage process, resulting in a large amount of leaking natural gas accumulation around the tank, and the concentration of gas cloud is relatively high.The higher the wind speed, the lower the internal concentration of the leaking gas cloud.The closer the leak is to the ground, the more difficult it is to spread the gas, and the higher the concentration is, the higher the concentration is between the leak and the ground.The larger the diameter of the leak is, the larger the volume of gas cloud is.In the tank area, the pressure in the tank increases or decreases in a certain range, which has little effect on the distribution of gas cloud in the limit range of explosion after leakage.When the tank spacing is larger, the leakage gas cloud diffuses farther and the gas cloud thickness is lower.The results show that under the premise of boundary conditions and basic assumptions, the risk of tank leakage is much greater than that of downwind leakage.The increase of wind speed will promote the fusion of air and natural gas leakage, reduce the concentration of gas cloud, and alleviate the risk of leakage accident.The lower the leak location, the smaller the gas cloud diffusion space, and the more dangerous the surface friction will be, which will restrain the gas cloud diffusion and lead to the increase of the gas cloud concentration.The size of the leak diameter will directly affect the risk after the accident.To a certain extent, increasing or reducing the internal working pressure of the tank has little effect on reducing the risk after the accident.Increasing the distance between tanks will reduce the risk of leakage accidents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE88

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