本文選題：旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng) + 磁測(cè)距　； 參考：《廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：鉆井工藝中,定向井鉆探要求及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)量鉆頭所在井眼處的方向參數(shù),以便描繪井眼軌跡,指導(dǎo)鉆井作業(yè)。其中,作業(yè)井與目標(biāo)井的精確連通在現(xiàn)代鉆井中要求越來(lái)越高,傳統(tǒng)測(cè)井儀器已難以滿(mǎn)足高精度、實(shí)時(shí)性的要求。本文研究了基于動(dòng)態(tài)磁偶極子模型和畢奧-薩伐爾定律連通井磁測(cè)量方法,對(duì)于提高測(cè)量精度和實(shí)時(shí)性,具有較重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值和實(shí)際意義。論文綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外鉆井中旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)定位技術(shù)研究的現(xiàn)狀及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)一種基于永磁體理論和畢奧-薩伐爾定律的磁場(chǎng)定位測(cè)量方法,對(duì)該測(cè)量方法的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究和建模仿真,并搭建了實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,其主要工作有：從分子環(huán)流和磁偶極子兩方面介紹永磁體模型以及兩者之間的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,確定磁測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的理論依據(jù)�；诖排紭O子模型和畢奧-薩伐爾定律,建立了磁測(cè)距系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型,完成了距離和角度數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式的推導(dǎo),并結(jié)合Matlab對(duì)其動(dòng)態(tài)模型進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證；從硬件和軟件方面完成磁測(cè)距系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置的設(shè)計(jì)以及系統(tǒng)測(cè)試。詳細(xì)敘述系統(tǒng)的永磁體短節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與材料選取、磁通門(mén)和加速度傳感器選型以及電源模塊、高精度AD采集模塊、信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、曼切斯特編解碼電路等硬件設(shè)計(jì),并從上位機(jī)、采集板、通信板等方面介紹系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì),闡述通信板與采集板之間的通信協(xié)議；為了消除高溫高壓、強(qiáng)震動(dòng)環(huán)境引入的噪聲干擾,實(shí)現(xiàn)磁測(cè)距系統(tǒng)的精確測(cè)量,設(shè)計(jì)分析了FIR和IIR方法下的帶通濾波器并對(duì)比兩種方法下濾波器的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。針對(duì)FIR精度高但計(jì)算量大、耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)、占用內(nèi)存大,難以滿(mǎn)足嵌入式系統(tǒng)實(shí)時(shí)性要求以及IIR設(shè)計(jì)了結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,耗時(shí)短、內(nèi)存消耗小但精度低、可能產(chǎn)生震蕩的缺點(diǎn),分別對(duì)其進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),并對(duì)比分析以確定了最佳濾波方案。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,基于動(dòng)態(tài)磁偶模型和畢奧-薩伐爾定律的連通井磁場(chǎng)測(cè)量方法可以提高數(shù)據(jù)精度、改善系統(tǒng)的可靠性以及進(jìn)一步降低運(yùn)算時(shí)間和硬件要求。此外,該測(cè)量裝置可應(yīng)用于鉆井工作中防碰,設(shè)計(jì)滿(mǎn)足系統(tǒng)高精度、實(shí)時(shí)性、高可靠性的要求。
[Abstract]:In the drilling process, directional drilling requires that the directional parameters of the borehole in which the bit is located should be measured in time and accurately in order to depict the borehole trajectory and guide the drilling operation.Among them, the accurate connection between the working well and the target well is more and more demanding in modern drilling, and the traditional logging tools can not meet the requirements of high precision and real-time.In this paper, based on the dynamic magnetic dipole model and the Beo-Savart law, the connected well magnetic measurement method is studied, which is of great academic value and practical significance for improving the measurement accuracy and real-time performance.In this paper, the current situation, advantages and disadvantages of the research on rotating magnetic field positioning technology in drilling are summarized, and a magnetic field positioning measurement method based on permanent magnet theory and Beo-Savart law is designed.The mechanism of the measurement method is systematically studied and simulated, and an experimental device is set up to verify it. The main work is to introduce the permanent magnet model from molecular circulation and magnetic dipole, as well as the relationship and difference between the two.The theoretical basis of magnetic ranging system is determined.Based on the magnetic dipole model and Bio-Savart law, the mathematical model of the magnetic ranging system is established, and the mathematical expressions of the distance and angle are derived, and the dynamic model is verified by Matlab.The hardware and software of the magnetic ranging system experimental device design and system testing.The structure design and material selection of permanent magnet, the selection of flux gate and acceleration sensor, the power module, the high precision AD acquisition module, the signal conditioning circuit, the Manchester codec circuit and so on are described in detail.The software design of the system is introduced from the aspects of upper computer, acquisition board and communication board, and the communication protocol between the communication board and the acquisition board is expounded, in order to eliminate the noise interference caused by high temperature and high pressure, strong vibration environment,In order to realize the accurate measurement of the magnetic ranging system, the bandpass filters based on FIR and IIR methods are designed and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared.FIR has the disadvantages of high precision, large computation, long time consumption, large memory footprint, which is difficult to meet the real-time requirements of embedded system, and the IIR design has the disadvantages of simple structure, short time consuming, low memory consumption and low precision, which may cause vibration.The optimal design is carried out, and the optimal filtering scheme is determined by comparison and analysis.The experimental results show that the magnetic field measurement method based on the dynamic magnetic couple model and the Beo-Savart law can improve the data accuracy, improve the reliability of the system, and further reduce the computing time and hardware requirements.In addition, the measuring device can be used to prevent collision in drilling operation, and the design can meet the requirements of high precision, real time and high reliability of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P631.81;TE24

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