本文選題：原油破乳劑 + 含氫硅油　； 參考：《陜西科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：原油作為一種稀有的不可再生資源對于國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、科技發(fā)展以及國防建設(shè)等諸多方面都有著相當(dāng)重要的意義。隨著近年來采油技術(shù)的發(fā)展,我國大多數(shù)油田已經(jīng)進入三次采油階段,原油資源越來越少,含水量日益增大,加上各種驅(qū)油劑的使用使原油乳液體系更加復(fù)雜,穩(wěn)定性更高,對于破乳劑的性能要求也更加苛刻,高效、適用性廣的破乳劑受到人們的廣泛研究,以緩解越發(fā)嚴(yán)重的資源緊缺問題。本文首先通過調(diào)聚法制備了一系列不同含氫量的低含氫硅油,在與聚醚進行硅氫加成反應(yīng)過程中,含氫量較高的含氫硅油,反應(yīng)活性較高,易引起交聯(lián),含氫量較低的含氫硅油,反應(yīng)活性較差,同時硅油含氫量低,接枝的聚醚相對較少,對破乳劑產(chǎn)物破乳性能不利。對比選用含氫量為0.1%的低含氫硅油作為后續(xù)接枝產(chǎn)物的原料,并用紅外光譜與核磁共振氫譜對產(chǎn)物進行了分析表征。通過硅氫加成反應(yīng),將低表面張力、疏水性良好的含氫硅油與親水的烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯環(huán)氧基醚和烯丙基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯甲基醚結(jié)合在一起,制備出以聚硅氧烷為主鏈,聚醚為支鏈的多支鏈原油破乳劑。利用紅外光譜和核磁共振氫譜對產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)進行了表征。探究了反應(yīng)最佳工藝條件為:n(硅氫鍵):n(雙鍵)=1:1.20,反應(yīng)溫度110℃,反應(yīng)時間5h,催化劑用量30μg/g(相對于反應(yīng)物總質(zhì)量),溶劑用量為占原料總質(zhì)量的40%。在此實驗條件下,反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率達到93.67%。將支鏈聚醚原油破乳劑聚醚末端的環(huán)氧基團與三甲胺鹽酸鹽進行開環(huán)季銨化反應(yīng),制得末端含季銨鹽陽離子的聚醚季銨鹽聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑。利用紅外光譜和核磁共振氫譜對產(chǎn)物的結(jié)構(gòu)進行了表征。探究了反應(yīng)最佳工藝條件為:n(鹽酸鹽):n(環(huán)氧基)=1.10:1,反應(yīng)溫度60℃,反應(yīng)時間4h,溶劑用量為占原料總質(zhì)量的60%。在此實驗條件下,環(huán)氧開環(huán)季銨化反應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)化率達到97.67%。利用延長石油延安原油模擬的原油乳液對自制的支鏈聚醚原油破乳劑和聚醚季銨鹽聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑進行了性能評價,確定了支鏈聚醚原油破乳劑的環(huán)氧基醚與甲基醚最佳配比為3:1,聚醚季銨鹽聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑的季銨鹽與甲基醚最佳配比為1:2。在破乳劑用量100mg/L,破乳溫度60℃,破乳時間2h條件下,支鏈聚醚原油破乳劑的脫水率達到86.71%,水相含油率546.29mg/L,油水界面較齊;聚醚季銨鹽聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑的脫水率達到89.67%,水相含油率326.94mg/L,油水界面齊;支鏈聚醚原油破乳劑用量40mg/L與破乳劑BQ-05用量60mg/L進行復(fù)配后,脫水率達到91.56%,水相含油率246.17mg/L,油水界面齊;聚醚季銨鹽聚硅氧烷原油破乳劑用量50mg/L與破乳劑SP169用量50mg/L復(fù)配后,脫水率達到96.43%,水相含油率166.78mg/L,油水界面齊。
[Abstract]:As a rare and non-renewable resource, crude oil plays an important role in national economic development, scientific and technological development and national defense construction.With the development of oil recovery technology in recent years, most oil fields in China have entered the stage of tertiary oil recovery, with less and less crude oil resources, increasing water content, and the use of various oil displacing agents makes the oil emulsion system more complex and stable.Demulsifiers, which are more demanding, efficient and suitable for demulsifiers, have been widely studied in order to alleviate the increasingly serious problem of resource shortage.In this paper, a series of low hydrogen silicone oils with different hydrogen content were prepared by the method of polymerization. In the process of hydrosilylation reaction with polyether, the hydrogen-containing silicone oil with higher hydrogen content was highly reactive and easy to lead to cross-linking.The reaction activity of hydrogen-containing silicone oil with low hydrogen content is poor, and the hydrogen content of silicon oil is low, and the graft polyether is relatively less, which is disadvantageous to the demulsifier product demulsification performance.The low-hydrogen-containing silicone oil with 0.1% hydrogen content was used as the raw material for the subsequent grafting products. The products were characterized by IR and NMR.Through the hydrosilylation reaction, the hydrophobic silicone oil with low surface tension and good hydrophobicity was combined with the hydrophilic allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene epoxy ether and allyl polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene methyl ether.A multi-chain demulsifier with polysiloxane as main chain and polyether as branching chain was prepared.The structure of the product was characterized by IR and NMR.The optimum reaction conditions were investigated as follows: 1: n (1: 1.20), reaction temperature 110 鈩，

本文編號：1735225